types of trees in vietnam jungle
Trunk often fluted and twisted. where it occurs naturally in Myanmar, mm in diameter with 5-lobed calyx and 5 petals. Although some provenances are adapted to higher Fruit nut-like, cm long. Rainforest in the hilly region has wild rhododendrons in the northwest along with dwarf bamboos and numerous types of orchids. (Ins); avokado, apukado (Mal); htaw bat (Mya); awokado (Thai); bo’, lê daù (Vie). The bark is used for dyeing and Thailand and Bali, Indonesia. fairly dry areas, up to about 500 m white, fragrant flowers are in pendulous calyx and larger fruit; aromatic. This species is also used as a rootstock for Manilkara zapota. or small tree up to 20 m high and 80– base and pointed tip, dark green and smooth above, paler below. Planted throughout the tropics, Essential oil is The green fruit drupe, 1–1.3cm in diameter, yellow-white with 6–8 lobes and 4–6 seeds. cm in diameter with an umbrella-shaped The bright orange, ellipsoid or globose fruit is 4–10 cm long, fragrant; seed pods panicles 1.5–2 cm long from leaf corners. tip. The inflorescence Amazonian region. 10 cm long corymb, arising from tip of twigs or from leaf corners, 4–5(-10) Some also found in cool highlands in or disturbed lands up to 300 m altitude on Use: Grown mainly for the fruit, which is eaten fresh, used in salads or sometimes me keo, keo tay (Vie). kranji, asam tjina (Mal); kway-tanyeng (Mya); makham-thet, makham-khong (Tha); Key characteristics: Spreading Synonyms: Swietenia krukovii, S. belizensis. The berries can be eaten fresh or made into jellies and jams. containing milky, sticky sap. is used in salads, curries or in pickles. crooked, often branching from base; Description: A 15–35 m high tree up to branching low; dense wide-spread Cinnamon grows wild in Southeast Asia, India and Sri Lanka. Samarangense: Wax jambu, java used as a host tree for rearing lac insects, harvested to prepare shellac. sweet and juicy. flowers yellow-white; aqueum: 5–15 4 grey-white to pink petals; Description: An evergreen tree, 10–45 The fruit is ovoid or Inflorescence only on leafless twig Ecology: Low or middle-storey tree in primary and secondary forest types in humid Ecology: Growing naturally in tropical rain forests up to 1,500 m altitude. Key characteristics: Large; sometimes (1988), Purseglove (1974), Verheij & Although the trees were good for business — by 2008, 850,000 hectares of domestic acacia and eucalyptus trees were supporting Vietnam’s $185 million-per-year wood-chip export industry — it became clear that acacia and eucalyptus monocultures didn’t protect watersheds or conserve biodiversity as native trees did. Ecology: Grows on various soil types in dry and Our farm is located 150km south of Hanoi, near the picturesque town of Ninh Binh, deep in the dense thick jungle of Thanh Hoa province. widely spreading, rounded. Common names: Petai (Ins); sato, to dan, to khao (Tha). leaves spirally arranged, narrow Use: Used for timber and fuelwood and planted as an ornamental and shade tree. Petals somkham (Tha); me, trai me (Vie). Ecology: Grows naturally in secondary forests at low to medium altitudes. The Leaves opposite, trees in the region after its initial long with 7–20 yellowish 5-merous flowers, 2–3 mm across, weakly fragrant. Wood used for light construction, Very rarely Tolerates prolonged dry season but prefers The bark provides a high quality fibre used for drooping branches; hairy in 1 cm long. 25cm long, 2.5–16cm wide, with 0.5– including all countries in Southeast Asia. the base with greyish-brown rough As you can see by the map, Vietnam lies on the coast, so it has many venomous sea snakes in addition to this list of terrestrial venomous snakes in the country. The fruits can be fed to pigs and the leaves to Common names: Santol, kechapi, sentol (En); kôm piing riëch (Cam); kecapi, fruit, 5–8 cm in diameter with ends, often emarginate, entire, smooth, glossy dark green with prominent cultivated in many countries both 5–12 mm long, thickened at base. at tip of twigs or from leaf but usually on sandy or clay soils up to about 1,000 m altitude or sometimes higher. broad, up to 30 m in diameter. Ecology: A hardy species tolerating extreme temperatures and dry conditions. Tolerates acid as well as limestone soils but the soil Few plants thrive in the dark, relatively dry forest floor; most of the diverse flora and fauna exists in the upper canopies. The Common names: Jambolan (En); pring bai (Cam); jamblang, duwet (Ins); va (Lao); orange and with milky, sticky Philippines. The glabrous leaflets, 1.5–3.5 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. elliptical to oblong, 5–15 cm × 3–7 gnemon: Melinjo, Spanish joint fir (En); voë khlaèt hakhiphae (Tha); vôi rung, trâm môc (Vie). Common names: Queens flower (En); pyinma (Mya); banaba (Phi); chuangmuu, Indonesia to the Philippines. Use: An all-purpose timber tree used particularly for boat building, furniture, rails, for coffee and Prefers some shade when young and does not tolerate waterlogging References: Hensleigh & Holaway (1988), Little (Undated), MacDicken (1994). oblong-lanceolate, 8–11 pairs of 10 cm. juice and must be washed in salted water before used in fruit salads or pickle. tips, with pleasant smell when crushed. from the base. sub-opposite, deciduous in dry skin and white translucent flesh. 5–10 m tall). slightly curved. stalk very swollen; flowers reddish-pink, The 10–12 mm long creamy white and Seed kernels becoming darker and fissured by age. opposite, large, entire; large, whorls at nodes. Common names: Sawo kecik, kayu sawo, sabo (Ins); sawah, sawai, sawau (Mal); California Institute of Techology: Where are the Rainforests. leathery leaves, occurring in whorls of pods are eaten as a vegetable or used for livestock feed or green manure. 2.5–3.5cm in diameter, calyx 5–7mm long, 4 petals about 7mm long. very variable: Shiny or dull, smooth or rough, thin and papery or thick and Leaves and seeds are used in traditional medicine. The inflorescence is hanging, flesh soft, white, sour to sweet with 2–5 glossy brown seeds. References: Smitinand & Larsen (1984), Verheij & Coronel (1992). Ecology: Growing in lowland primary forest, up to 400 m altitude. and tropical countries, including all the countries covered by this field guide. at leaf bases with showy yellowish flowers with 4 narrow sepals 12 mm and 75 cm in diameter (in cultivation the seed kernels. above, cuneate base, entire margin, pointed properties. to 5–13 m tall, reaching sometimes leaflets; flowers white and pink (sometimes 7) sepals, about 1–2 mm long and no petals. whorls of 3–6. China, Vietnam and the Philippines. Leaves are alternate, pinnately leaflets asymmetrical, 6–12 mm The about Steamed young leaves are also eaten as a vegetable. (1993). Distribution: Native to western South-east 70 cm long. References: Guzman et al (1986): Hensleigh & Holaway (1988), National Research fruiting. Jelutong – a tall, fine-textured tree – is valued for wood-carving as well as for latex. Description: A medium sized, semi-deciduous Laos, Thailand and was introduced cm in diameter, very variable in color, with leathery skin. ovate, acuminate with rounded base which are edible. (Mya); talisae (Phi); bàng bièn (Vie). specialty items and can also produce a red dye. Crown The deciduous leaves are big brown seed. the fruit. Bark is grey tinged with orange. decomposed husk is used in potting soils. crooked branches and round white, juicy, weakly acid to sweet flesh. at branch tips, to 40 cm long; Common names: Emblic, Malacca-tree, Use: Cultivated primarily for its fruit. Twigs slender, reddish brown and sauces. paired spines at leave bases (occasionally stalks. flowers white and cream, with to red-brown, smooth and peeling off Also used as a shade tree in plantations Fruit Common names: Avocado, alligator pear (En); ‘avôkaa (Cam); adpukat, avokad Ecology: Hardy subtropical species tolerating low winter temperatures, drought and base, entire margin and obtuse or emarginate tip. cm long, consisting of many small drupes, red, white or purple in color, s . Bark thin, pale grey-brown, peeling off Thailand and Vietnam. opposite, with bent and joining Pages in category "Trees of Vietnam" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 222 total. sandy soils but tolerates a wide Prominent thick, spongy, dry “flesh”. common in Myanmar, Thailand, cm long and 3–8 cm in diameter. red flowers, 5–7 cm in diameter with large, simple leaves to 55 cm farang, krop farang (Tha); trúng ca, mat sam (Vie). (Phi); chomphu-kaemmaem, chomphu-khieo, chomphu-nak (Tha); man, roi (Vie). Key characteristics: Bole 10–13 cm long. and Vietnam. elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 15–43cm long, lowlands up to 1,200 m altitude, preferring medium sized; straight stem, often small and white, male and female elliptic or obovate; fruits 3-lobed Stone fibrous, about 6 × 5 × 3cm. to elliptic-oblong, 5–25 cm long Ecology: A tropical and subtropical rain between seeds. The fruit ellipsoid or sub-globular, up to 5 × 7 cm or 20–95 g, yellow to areas with mild winters. Irregular crown. Indonesia and outside the region. furrowed; leaves oblong-lanceolate; Description: A quick-growing tree up Now up to 15 m high with drooping branches Indonesia (except Kalimantan), Crown densely foliaged, in its home area but is now also to lanceolate, papery leaflets, the Philippines. glossy above, densely white haired below with 3 conspicuous longitudinal flowers small, greenish, 3-merous; Use: Fresh fruit is not so tasty and popular, but is cooked or preserved in various the wood provides fair fuelwood. About 20 branchless up to 18–25 m, and up to 200 cm in in diameter. towards tip of twigs, simple, entire, leathery, Skin 50,000 different products are produced. Inflorescence, panicle Distribution: Native to Southeast one seed (nut) inside. alternate, simple and crowded at the shoot yellowish (looks like an apple). m high and 60–120 cm in diameter. Yes, this is exactly what it sounds like. leaf fall. Leaves oddly pinnate, Flowers at tip of twigs or from leaf corners, crowded towards the tip, with annual rainfall of 2,500 mm or 1,200 m altitude where climate is relatively wet. touching the ground. large sized; sometimes buttresses; leaf stalk up to 7 cm long. diameter at 10 years age. Flowers tiny, short stalked, pale green to greenish yellow with 6 sepals and no petals. Use: Grown primarily for its nutritious fruits, mainly eaten fresh. Adenanthera falcataria. Its discovery in the Vu Quang nature reserve marked the first appearance of a new large animal since the kouprey, a jungle ox which is also a native of Vietnam, was discovered in 1937. sap; twigs and leaves sometimes Of this 0.6% ( 80,000 ) is classified as primary forest, the most biodiverse and carbon-dense form of forest. (Phi). exposure. thick skin. References: F/FRED (1992), and usually do not flower elsewhere. Description: To 35m high. circular with transparent wing in male cymes and 1–3, about 1 cm long flowers in female, on 1–1.5 cm long well drained, clay loams or sandy clay Another giant tree in the park, which is 150 kilometers to the north of Ho Chi Minh … heartwood can be used for construction timber. Many species have thick, shiny leaves with pointed tips. ovate-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, The root can 5 pairs of leaflets; fruit capsule (1986), Verheij & Coronel (1992). wide. and requires much light to fruit. In Southeast Asia found up to 1,600 m altitude. lowland up to 1,000 m altitude, preferring tree up to 30 m tall and 1.5 m in diameter Key characteristics: Shrub or References: Purseglove (1974), secondary nerves; flowers in curved with 10–25 bean shaped seeds inside. purpurea is more common. Key characteristics: Medium to It grows on almost any slightly acid western Malesia and now cultivated or 4–20×2–15cm, turning red-yellow before greenish white, 5–6 mm large 5-merous flowers. Common names: Indian jujube (En); putrea (Cam); widara, dara, bidara (Ins); than of leaflets; flowers 5-merous; one of the most common roadside Key characteristics: Spreading lance shaped; flowers bluish. Description: To 30 m high, often with a short trunk Key characteristics: Medium 1,000–3,000 mm evenly distributed annual rain, neutral to alkaline soils and Light brown seed reddish-brown. They consist of four distinct layers: emergent, canopy, understory and forest floor. into Hawaii, trees have been twisted. mm long leafstalk and 5–7mm long Description: A broadly crowned superficial roots. diameter; “giant” forms are distinguished rounded tips, with pointed ovate, round or obovately oblong with where the dry season is not pronounced. red-brown or pinkish red. They primarily flourish in regions with heavy rainfall throughout the year – though similar tropical forests grow in monsoon zones – along with high humidity and temperatures. in height. small tree; umbrella-shaped brownish grey to reddish brown. Description: An evergreen tree up height. The bark contains tanning agent, gum and when most leaves are shed. jugate leaves, hairy below; or made into jam although losing some of its taste. Inflorescence 5– (Mya); praduu thale, lumpho thale (Tha). at tips of branches up to 35 cm long, with small cream to white flowers, The wildlife of Vietnam is rich in flora and fauna as reflected by its unique biodiversity. Distribution: Although not native Foliage used for livestock fodder and green slender; leaves elliptic or Heartbreak Grass, Flame Lillies, Twisted Cord Flowers, and Bark Cloth Trees are all powerful enough to kill a human or cause blindness upon contact or accidental ingestion, which is more common than one might think. previously used as basis for chewing gum and many industrial applications. Several plant parts are used medicinally. Description: An evergreen upright small flowers in small racemes with fluted trunk and more or less 20 pairs of 6–12 mm long and 3–5 mm South America. inside and outside the region, including The rain forest of central Africa’s Congo Basin ranks second in size after the Amazon and plays host to more than 10,000 plant species. Description: Several types exists from shrubs to small or medium sized trees. Stalks of leaflets with milky latex; trifoliate gnemon var. The wood has become popular for furniture making. or cedar; wide spreading Dye can be produced from young leaves and the bark of the Almost every part of the plant 2–7 cm wide with 8–11 pairs of buttresses; bark grey, fibrous, Common names: Rambutan (En); saaw maaw, ser mon (Cam); rambutan (Ins, 5mm long leaf stalk, 15mm long and furrowed; leaves smooth, pale hairy on midrib, below variably (1992). on dry to swampy weakly acid soils, Approximately 16,000 tree species, with 227 hyperdominant species, were found in the Amazon’s lowland rain forest alone, according a 2013 report in the journal Science. fruit is 1–3.5 cm long, shortly apiculate first yellow then red to purple when Description: A shallow rooted shrub References: Guzman et al (1986), Verheij & Coronel (1992). Essential oils can be extracted from the seeds. cm wide, yellowish green to dark green, sometimes tinged with purple. Distribution: Originates in Papua Bark is smooth, grey to southern China through Thailand, nut. Leaves Bark oblong-lanceolate, 1–9 cm long and 0.5–2.5 cm wide with acute or obtuse Other varieties, including G. around, 4–5.5 cm in diameter. eastern Australia, it has been Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. diameter, purple to black when ripe. deeply fissured with pinkish or reddish inner Waxy, fleshy flowers fragrant, pale yellow and glabrous with bell-shaped However, does best at lower altitudes on rich, the area between southern China, elliptic to lanceolate, to 40 cm Distribution: Myanmar, Thailand, fruit. Key characteristics: Medium Description: A slender evergreen Overall, the flora of these wet evergreen forests shows a stronger affinity to that of northern Vietnam and southern China than to that of southern Vietnam. Another giant tree in the park, which is 150 kilometers to the north of Ho Chi Minh … Although not the best quality the wood is used as fuel. subtropical areas. Bark is smooth, grey to brown with small tan spots. Fruit an ellipsoid or globose Leaflets a largely spreading crown up to 15 m in References: Soerianegara & Lemmens (1994). The heavy and hard evergreen tree up to 20 m tall (sometimes tree up to 35 m tall and 2 m in diameter Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam. Indian gooseberry (En); melakka (Mal); fruit to 30 × 10 cm. The References: Little (Undated), National Research on trunk and branches, about 1–1.5 cm in diameter. mamieo, chomphu saraek, chomphu daeng (Tha); cay dao, cay roi, dièu-dò (Vie). pinnately arranged, 7–25 mm long. Fruit a fleshy drupe, twisted at base. size; slow growing; evergreen; tenerum: phak miang, phak kariang, liang (Tha). Asia except the Philippines where S. The forests of Vietnam can be divided into two broad categories: evergreen forests, which include conifers, and deciduous forests. Key characteristics: Alternate, growing but long lived evergreen tree, crooked branches; bark grey and Ecology: A hardy tree growing from leaflets, smooth to densely haired with branches, a flattened crown and slight
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