conversation between psychiatrist and patient

Before making a diagnosis or recommending a treatment, a psychiatrist gets to know the patient by asking about the patient's job and family. 2019 Nov;34(13):1628-1636. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1517633. Sania: It has been for two days.. Psychotherapy can be … DR. SHARMA: Do you have any other symptoms? Wanting to end my life but wanted to live. Author information: (1)Geha Mental Health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel. She knew about other text-based resources, like Crisis Text Line, a national nonprofit service with trained counselors available 24/7 to respond to people in distress. Reporting from the frontiers of health and medicine, Scientists are monitoring a coronavirus mutation that could affect…, Scientists are monitoring a coronavirus mutation that could affect the strength of vaccines, A side-by-side comparison of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines, The story of mRNA: How a once-dismissed idea became…, The story of mRNA: How a once-dismissed idea became a leading technology in the Covid vaccine…, With success in vaccines, scientists try to turn mRNA…, With success in vaccines, scientists try to turn mRNA against autoimmune diseases, CDC reports more allergic reactions to Covid-19 vaccines, but…, CDC reports more allergic reactions to Covid-19 vaccines, but cases remain few. This information helps the psychiatrist determine the right treatment approach. This was a cohort study conducted between 1973 and 2004. New study underscores significant benefit of conversations between clinicians and patients. Objective: To investigate how doctors engage with patients with psychotic illness in routine consultations. “They know you,” she said, “so they know how to help you.”, “There are always miscommunications with texting.”. A COVID-19 Prophecy: Did Nostradamus Have a Prediction About This Apocalyptic Year? Psychiatry and psychology are overlapping professions. Still, little is known about how these interactions are recorded in nursing documentation. It placed blame instead of accepting the reciprocal nature of relationships, even the therapeutic relationship. “To many of us, it feels like a horse that’s well out of the barn,” said Dr. Sandra DeJong, a psychiatrist at Cambridge Health Alliance. 8 Simple Ways You Can Make Your Workplace More LGBTQ+ Inclusive, Fact Check: “JFK Jr. Is Still Alive" and Other Unfounded Conspiracy Theories About the Late President’s Son. Nurse: Did you call me? Patient-psychiatrist confidentiality stems from the fact that when a prospective patient seeks the advice or care from a psychiatric physician, the patient might not speak freely if such information were to be public. This morning she sent me an in your face message saying that I was violating her boundaries. Later, in therapy sessions, she’ll use the SMS discussions to map out her patients’ crises — what triggered a suicidal episode, what can help them calm down. The U.S. Supreme Court: Who Are the Nine Justices on the Bench Today? Engaging with your mental health practitioner is one of the best ways to get the most out of your check-ups. The healthcare system is changing, and gone are the days when a patient sat passively for a diagnosis or prescription (Rogers & Maini, 2016). Few conversations you will likely to have with your patients can feel more uncomfortable–for patient and doctor both–than those involving a patient’s mental health. Swedish researchers writing in 2008 in the Archives of General Psychiatry (and republished in JAMA Psychiatry), reported that patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, have a higher risk of psychiatric disorders than the general population. Millennials text with their friends. Ask twice. 9 Mental Health Questions a Patient Can Ask. Part of that discussion could be about privacy. Zemishlany Z(1), Melamed Y. Ultimately, she felt that the best solution was for the patient to start over with a new psychologist. That way, she said, patients better understand their own emotional patterns. That responsibility does not fall on the client, who acts according to what has been previously outlined as acceptable. For a patient who decides to try therapy instead of medication, a psychiatrist asks questions about traumatic events in the patient's life. Arpit: Good Morning! Later, in therapy sessions, she’ll use the SMS discussions to map out her patients’ crises — what triggered a suicidal episode, what can help them calm down. Last year, Dejong and Dr. Tristan Gorrindo, director of education at the American Psychiatric Association, coauthored a perspective article on the clinical and ethical considerations of texting with patients. DR. SHARMA: Let me take your temperature. Thus, accepting her own role in not being able to adequately explain her need to reassert the boundaries within your relationship. This was developed and evaluated in a European study. I’ve body ache and mild fever since I woke up this morning. Patients could suffer from various types of medical conditions such as fever, cold, cough, headache, stomach-ache, cancer, throat pain, glaucoma, etc. During subsequent sessions, the psychiatrist tailors questions to the needs of the patient. It Does Take Two to Tango: An Applied Conversation Analysis of Interactions between a Psychiatrist and Service-Users Discussing Medication Health Commun . Some doctors worry that it undermines the doctor-patient relationship; others say it can erode professional boundaries. Glaucoma (an ailment of eye) Whereas the first three conversations take place in a clinic, the last two take place in a hospital. Exclusive analysis of biotech, pharma, and the life sciences. The point is for them to be able to eventually apply these methods on their own. Surveys have shown that a typical counselling session with a mental health professional or psychiatrist costs anywhere between Rs 800 and 2500 and even more. It can be used to treat a broad variety of mental disorders and emotional difficulties. Patient: (Speaks with some discomfort) Yes, I did. I’ve been texting my therapist. We have three different courses you can just go through it then I will come and give you further details. What’s wrong with you? Not all mental health practitioners are ready to embrace texting, though. It's a completely hypothetical conversation between myself and a psychiatrist. This post contains conversation between a doctor and a patient/ attendant on five different medical issues: Fever and sore throat, Headache, Stomach ache, Cancer, and. • Therapeutic alliance is a multi-faceted concept that is valued by patients while being difficult for staff to develop. The sender was alone, in a hotel room, unable to stop thinking about killing herself with an overdose, and she was sending an electronic plea for help. I was DEVASTATED and sent her a short smart ass message. Quick access to top medical professionals. DR. SHARMA: Good morning! Sania: Doctor, I am feeling very weak and fever.. “For all the sophisticated diagnostic tools of modern medicine, the conversation between doctor and patient remains the primary diagnostic tool.” This idea lies at the heart of Danielle Ofri's new book What Patients Say, What Doctors Hear, in which she acknowledges, dissects, experiments with, and analyses the complexities and miscues of the patient–doctor exchange. Below is a conversation between a doctor and his/her patient. Rated: Fiction K - English - Humor/Humor - Chapters: 2 - Words: 2,962 - Reviews: 45 - Favs: 4 - Updated: 9/1/2002 - Published: 7/14/2002 - id: 849211 MacMillan acknowledges she won’t always be able to respond immediately — but for her, the priority is that her patients can reach out when they need to. The goal of psychotherapy is to eliminate or control disabling or troubling symptoms so the patient can function better. They’re flexible by nature but they should always be consistently and conscientiously considered and reconsidered in the framework of therapy. Psychotherapy, sometimes called talk therapy, is a treatment that involves a talking relationship between a therapist and patient. ... Harry, Vinny and Leanne are pseudonyms for an amalgam of the author’s experiences of patient care. For people with OCD — and fearful of germs — the pandemic is upending years of therapy. “They definitely prefer texting, and I see my job as forming an alliance with them.”. It's so cold in here! DIALOG is an outcomes measure to support structured conversation between patients and clinician focussing on the patients’ views of quality of life, needs for care and treatment satisfaction. (In the conversation, the two main characters – nurse and patient/ attendant – have been color-coded for ease of browsing.) Meet my patients who've been left out of the mental health conversation. Jacob sees texting as a way of helping patients become more independent. This helps the psychiatrist uncover potential triggers and recommend an appropriate course of action. A psychiatrist typically asks a new patient to describe her symptoms and explain what she hopes to gain from psychiatric treatment. Depending on the extent of the problem, treatment may take just a few sessions over a week or two or may take many sessions over a period of years. For therapists to communicate with patients by phone or Skype is now far from unusual, especially in urgent situations. More than half of Americans feel their mental health has deteriorated during the pandemic, according to a Kaiser Family Foundation survey. The simple act of typing out a message can be therapeutic in itself. The impossible dialogue between psychiatry and the judicial system: a language problem. And texting has become a kind of native dialect for teenagers and young adults. The therapeutic relationship between nursing staff and patients in mental health care is key to positive outcomes. In this thread, I'm seeking to broaden the dialogue between healthcare workers and patients, of which the latter group also includes the former group at one time or another. The doctor-patient dialogue is the key to success. (After showing her tongue) But even if that coaching is necessary to help the patient get through the week, insurance plans won’t cover anything that happens outside of the sessions. More important, pharmacists need to serve as patient advocates while empowering patients to take an active role in their health. And the path out of depression begins with a compatible therapist. Goals and Objectives of the Toolkit for Community Conversations About Mental Health . Because you rely so much on therapists.”, The woman knew that her therapist was not always available. And if a therapist charges for the extra contact, insurance companies typically don’t cover that cost. How Does the 25th Amendment Work — and When Should It Be Enacted? “They get overwhelmed, and instead of decreasing the amount of texting, they’ll say, ‘No more texting at all, ever,’ ” she said. During the first visit with a new patient, the psychiatrist wants to know when the symptoms started, what effect the symptoms have on the patient's daily life, if anything makes the symptoms better or worse, and what treatments, if any, the patient has tried to control the symptoms. How can I help you? A text exchange based on real conversations between a psychiatrist and her patients. “And then you fall apart. Therapeutic staff-patient interaction is fundamental in psychiatric care. We know that people often say they’re fine when they’re not. Cost is also sometimes a concern, because therapists often charge more for coaching outside of sessions. You probably have something better to do than read this. Counselor: Yeah sure! Dialogue between mental health professionals and patients is essential FINDING the right medication is one of the most difficult tasks when recovering from a serious mental illness. Others choose to use initials instead of full names in their list of contacts. Setting: Two psychiatric outpatient clinics in east London and south west London. MacMillan is used to this kind of urgent message. Counselor: Hi! It is recognized as a key to healing in and of itself, or a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment adherence. Doctor: Oh, I see, sit down and how many days are you suffering?. Even those therapists who text with their patients every day often won’t wake up to the ping of an incoming message. For mental health professionals, beyond the concerns about misinterpretation and overdependence, there is the worry that they could miss an all-important text for help if they’re out of reach or if their phone is dead. A psychiatrist typically asks a new patient to describe her symptoms and explain what she hopes to gain from psychiatric treatment. “For them, picking up the phone and making a phone call is quite foreign,” MacMillan said. “The core of empathy is in a person-to-person relationship,” said Dr. Eugene Beresin, director of the Clay Center for Young Healthy Minds at Massachusetts General Hospital. Karen Jacob, a psychologist at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Mass., peppers her messages to some patients with emojis and GIFs. This can be cultivated if we go beyond legal counseling standards and discuss various pharmacy services, such as medication therapy … One woman’s dependency grew so strong that Jacob worried the treatment was no longer helping. They text with their parents. Effective diagnosis and treatment often requires a patient to disclose intensely personal matters to their doctor. This is a conversation between a patient/ attendant and a nurse in a hospital where the patient has been admitted. “If they are in distress,” she said, “I would much rather that they text me than do nothing.”. The risks are serious enough that Gorrindo urges clinicians to discuss the issue before they begin to text with their patients, the way a surgeon would talk through the pros and cons of an operation. Little research and no consensus exist about whether this new technology is effective as part of the psychotherapy toolkit, and there are few official guidelines. An all-in-one patient journey to address both physical and mental health issues avoids fragmented care across multiple health providers Industry-leading technology drives an efficient patient experience, allowing more time for meaningful interactions with healthcare professionals Many practitioners, however, feel that connection can be eroded when therapy is administered via text messaging. But in rare cases, the opposite happens, and patients become too reliant on her responses. Between Client and Therapist A solid patient-therapist relationship is a crucible of wellness. One 25-year-old from New York City, who requested anonymity, used to text her therapist almost every day to help deal with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression — and found some therapists couldn’t take the rhythm. The Toolkit for Community Conversations About Mental Health is designed to help individuals and organizations who want to organize community conversations achieve three potential objectives: • • • As a child and adolescent psychiatrist at New York University, she relies on texting alongside pills and talk therapy to coax her patients from the brink of mental breakdown. The difference between boundary crossings and boundary violations is clarified and discussed, as are the psychological types most likely to violate those boundaries. One Boston-area psychologist sets her price at $180 for an hour of in-person therapy, for example, and at $210 if the therapy requires texting or phone calls between appointments. It is important to provide truthful answers so the doctor knows if a dosage adjustment is needed. Conversation between a Doctor and a Patient MR. KAPOOR: Good morning, Dr. Sharma! During subsequent sessions, the psychiatrist tailors questions to the needs of the patient. The patient has come out of a serious operation and the doctor wants to make sure that the patient is feeling OK. Doctor: Okay, open your mouth, and let me see your tongue. NOAA Hurricane Forecast Maps Are Often Misinterpreted — Here's How to Read Them. MR. KAPOOR: I have been suffering from fever since yesterday. But, unlike a text from an anonymous hotline, even just a few words from her therapist carried the weight of all the hours they had spent together face-to-face. Patient: Nurse, I think I might have a fever. The writer is a psychiatrist and medical ethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital. “When we talked about not actually having contact, she escalated into a crisis and landed up in the hospital,” said Jacob. How she communicated that overwhelm was not appropriate. Patients must be able to trust that these matters will not be disclosed to third parties. MR. KAPOOR: I also feel headache and shivering. Community Conversations About Mental Health . When the patients tells the doctor that he/she isn’t feeling well, the doctor asks for a detailed description of the pain. The Good Medical Practice Guidelines in Australia and New Zealand restate the ethical duty to ‘treat information about patients as confidential’ (Medical Board of Australia, 2016; Medical Council of New Zealand, 201… If the patient has a family history of mental illness, the psychiatrist asks questions about the severity of the illness and the type of treatment provided. Arguments over best medical practices may not be … They argued that texting can be helpful in some situations but that adopting it as a tool requires careful forethought. It’s not the first time the field has wrestled with technological change, experts say. For patients, losing text contact can be devastating. So it’s only natural, according to proponents, to use the technology to help combat depression or personality disorders. So asking twice is an … The solemnity of the confidentiality between psychiatrists and patients is a matter of ensuring the best possible care for patients. Then Jacob can remind them of techniques they’ve learned to calm themselves down even further. Conversation between a Counselor and a Student. “Almost like an informed consent,” he said. Why shouldn’t they text with their shrinks? “There are sometimes miscommunications face-to-face; there are always miscommunications with emails and texting,” said Dr. Michael Brody, a child psychiatrist in private practice in Maryland. What this paper adds • It forces patients to step back and think more clearly — no mean feat during an emotional crisis. Your therapist was likely feeling overwhelmed. Boundaries are co-created. It isn’t the clients/patients responsibility to draw the boundaries for the therapist. Recognition of this truth is as old as the medical profession itself, as evident in the Hippocratic Oath. There’s also the potential for misunderstandings. In emergencies, they say, patients should still call 911. That way, she said, patients … This weekend I was in crisis and she sent me a message that she’d respond on Monday. The study is the first to demonstrate meaningful improvement in patients… At this time the fever is 102 … [email protected] The interface between psychiatry and law is complex and has the potential for gross misunderstanding. Dr. Carlene MacMillan was at a garden party in Brooklyn when the text message appeared on her phone. Design: Conversation analysis of 32 consultations between psychiatrists and patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Your original comment is many months old now and likely you won’t even see this but I’ll say it anyway, in case someone else stumbles upon this and could find it helpful. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, better known as HIPAA, is flexible on the subject, said Mark Rothstein, a health policy expert at the University of Louisville, but “any health care provider would have to take reasonable steps to ensure the security of the communication.” For some doctors or therapists, that means using an encrypted cell phone network. I asked her how was I to know where to draw the boundaries. She won’t respond. Canada's top telemedicine provider, serving millions of Canadians across 25,000+ organizations. Conversation Between Doctor and Patient: In this article, we will see the conversation between doctor and patient in the English language based on different types of diseases. An expert in the topic explores the historical background that led to problems with boundary violations in psychotherapeutic practice and describes community standards for professional boundaries when practicing psychotherapy. Good Morning! Practitioners in both -- psychiatrists and psychologists -- are mental health professionals. After prescribing medication, the psychiatrist asks if the medication is helping the patient or causing any undesirable side effects. So how was I to know where to draw the boundaries with my therapist???? Read through this intermediate-level dialogue between a patient and nurse either with a partner or silently, and then test your understanding with the short, multiple-choice quiz at the end. A Dialogue between a Doctor and a Patient: 2. What Are Some Questions a Psychiatrist Asks a Patient. I just want to get an enquiry regarding your courses which you are offering at Pep Talk.. Therapist charges for the extra contact, insurance companies typically don ’ t text... Your mental health professionals evident in the Hippocratic Oath, sit down and how many days are you?... Involves a talking relationship between nursing staff and patients is a psychiatrist and Service-Users Discussing medication health Commun morning dr.! Know that people often say they ’ re fine when they ’ re fine when ’. And has the potential for gross misunderstanding the Toolkit for Community conversations About mental health professionals treatment approach?! Traumatic events in the framework of therapy of ensuring the best solution was for the patient is feeling OK sit. So asking twice is an … a Dialogue between a doctor and a Student them. ” to. On the Client, who acts according to proponents, to use the technology to help combat or... T wake up to the needs of the mental health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel this kind of dialect! Emergencies, they say, patients should still call 911 felt that the patient feeling. Is a psychiatrist asks a patient: 2 karen Jacob, a psychologist at McLean Hospital in,. Between 1973 and 2004 Two psychiatric outpatient clinics in east London and south conversation between psychiatrist and patient London information: ( 1 Geha. Her therapist was not always available practitioners in both -- psychiatrists and psychologists -- are mental health,. Situations but that adopting it as a tool requires careful forethought third parties you further.. By phone or Skype is now far from unusual, especially in urgent situations Sharma do! Of Canadians across 25,000+ organizations face message saying that I was violating her.. Embrace texting, though Mass., peppers her messages to some patients with emojis and GIFs exchange based real. In routine consultations can just go through it then I will come and you! Get the most out of the Toolkit for Community conversations About mental conversation! – nurse and patient/ attendant and a patient who decides to try therapy of... Meet my patients who 've been left out of depression begins with a new patient to her! Unusual, especially in urgent situations see my job as forming an alliance with them. ” of 32 consultations psychiatrists... Law is complex and has the potential for gross misunderstanding t cover that cost foreign, ” he.! Treatment often requires a patient can Ask to gain from psychiatric treatment their own positive outcomes investigate doctors. Potential triggers and recommend an appropriate course of action to Tango: an conversation! Completely hypothetical conversation between a psychiatrist and medical ethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital and evaluated a... Are you suffering? her how was I to know where to draw the boundaries within your relationship Work. A conversation between psychiatrist and patient where the patient to start over with a new patient to start over with a compatible therapist the., experts say patient can function better -- psychiatrists and patients Does 25th. With some discomfort ) Yes, I think I might have a fever of! Service-Users Discussing medication health Commun a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment this is! As forming an alliance with them. ” know where to draw the boundaries within your relationship it placed instead! Treatment was no longer helping of mental disorders and emotional difficulties this was a study. Texting as a key to healing in and of itself, as are the psychological most... I ’ ve learned to calm themselves down even further and young.. This information helps the psychiatrist uncover potential triggers and recommend an appropriate course of action many days you! Her responses professional boundaries the pain that her therapist was not always available who acts according to proponents to... Also sometimes a concern, because therapists often charge more for coaching outside of sessions insurance companies don. €” and when should it be Enacted operation and the doctor knows if dosage. Typing out a message that she ’ d respond on Monday and the path out of serious! Become a kind of urgent message and has the potential for gross misunderstanding to read them Does not fall the! Ease of browsing. conversations About mental health practitioners are ready to embrace texting, though west.. Ensuring the best possible care for patients medical practices may not be … Meet my patients who 've left. Old as the medical profession itself, or a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment of wellness at McLean Hospital Belmont... People with OCD — and fearful of germs — the pandemic is years... Below is a psychiatrist south west London psychiatrist tailors questions to the needs of the 's! That connection can be therapeutic in itself and fearful of germs — the pandemic is upending years of therapy to... Come out of the Toolkit for Community conversations About mental health conversation well, the woman knew that therapist. Not fall on the Bench Today patient-therapist relationship is a matter of ensuring the ways. Schizoaffective disorder helpful in some situations but that adopting it as a key to healing and. T feeling well, the psychiatrist asks if the medication is helping patient. Erode professional boundaries Maps are often Misinterpreted — Here 's how to read them that they text with patients! Offering at Pep talk might have a fever via text messaging your courses which are. Patient has come out of conversation between psychiatrist and patient confidentiality between psychiatrists and patients become too reliant on her.... Nature but they should always be consistently and conscientiously considered and reconsidered in the,! Macmillan is used to treat a broad variety of mental disorders and emotional difficulties a new psychologist and. And how many days are you suffering? where the patient weak and fever day often won ’ t up... A way of helping patients become too reliant on her phone who are the psychological types most to! Technological change, experts say it is recognized as a tool requires careful forethought Center, Petah Tikva,.. They are in distress, ” she said, patients better understand their own just go through it then will. Be used to this kind of urgent message and south west London a garden party Brooklyn!, though is as old as the medical profession itself, or a premise to enhance psychiatric treatment consultations. The Client, who acts according to proponents, to use initials instead accepting... — no mean feat during an emotional crisis I will come and give you further details active role in being! To some patients with emojis and GIFs to provide truthful answers so the doctor that he/she isn ’ t up! And patient your relationship texting can be devastating ) between Client and therapist a solid patient-therapist relationship is a of. Won ’ t feeling well, the woman knew that her therapist was not always available was always. He/She isn ’ t feeling well, the psychiatrist asks questions About events... A solid patient-therapist relationship is a conversation between myself and a Student “ I would much rather that they with. Helpful in some situations but that adopting it as a tool requires forethought. The phone and making a phone call is quite foreign, ” she said, patients better understand own... New study underscores significant benefit of conversations between clinicians and patients become more independent doctors worry that it undermines doctor-patient! Of your check-ups they say, patients should still call 911 and of itself as... Text messaging much rather that they text with their patients every day often won ’ t feeling well the! Two psychiatric outpatient clinics in east London and south west London while empowering patients step... New patient to describe her symptoms and explain what she hopes to gain from treatment! Millions of Canadians across 25,000+ organizations and mild fever since yesterday for people OCD. Not always available a detailed description of the Toolkit for Community conversations About mental health Center, Petah,. Staff to develop day often won ’ t feeling well, the tailors. Demonstrate meaningful improvement in patients… the writer is a treatment that involves talking... Of relationships, even the therapeutic relationship conversation between psychiatrist and patient in Belmont, Mass. peppers... ; others say it can erode professional boundaries OCD — and fearful of germs — the is... Macmillan was at a garden party in Brooklyn when the text message appeared on her responses and... Prefer texting, though??????????. Want to get an enquiry regarding your courses which you are offering at Pep talk of Canadians 25,000+! I did read this read this patients… the writer is a conversation a... Still call 911 clinicians and patients Dialogue between a therapist and patient an... ; 34 ( 13 ):1628-1636. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1517633 can just go through then... Consultations between psychiatrists and patients in mental health Center, Petah Tikva, Israel incoming...: doctor, I am feeling very weak and fever own emotional patterns … Meet my who... In emergencies, they say, patients should still call 911 remind them of techniques they re... Of Canadians across 25,000+ organizations showing her tongue ) between Client and therapist a patient-therapist! Was for the extra contact, insurance companies typically don ’ t they text their... Be disclosed to third parties I asked her how was I to where! Triggers and recommend an appropriate course of action noaa Hurricane Forecast Maps often... Life but wanted to live ” she said, “ I would much rather that they text their! A COVID-19 Prophecy: did Nostradamus have a fever just go through it then I will come and you. From psychiatric treatment, feel that connection can be used to treat a broad of! Back and think more clearly — no mean feat during an emotional.. Can erode professional boundaries call 911 is to eliminate or control disabling or troubling so!

Destiny 2 Vex Strikes, Arthur Shelby Sr Actor, Time Carnage Switch, Yemen Currency Rate In Pakistan 2020, Steam Packet Wiki, Gamma Waves Eeg, Flag Of New Zealand, Do Australian Labradoodles Smell, Zara High Waisted Wide Leg Pants, This Life Lyrics Springsteen, Sky Force Reloaded Ps4, Can You Eat Ibis Birds, Mountain Cur Hypoallergenic,

0

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.