turkic mythology pdf
From tales of daughters and fathers to princesses and brave suitors, check out some of the most interesting legends from around the country. In Turkic mythology, Konrul, also Kongrul and Konqrul is a long lived bird that is cyclically regenerated or reborn, similar to a phoenix. Vol. Importantly, the Central Asiatic Journal is now fully peer-reviewed by appointed external experts, thus participating fully in the international exchange of academic knowledge. ��fV��ʠ;n�7�"�Ff��4#��Vc����aJdOTf�2$Fx�Z�e9-! <>>> endobj 1283 are reflections of a very large collection of Central Asian folk beliefs, exemplified in numerous historical sources. %���� 1283 is a unique historical source that contains significant information about mid-8th century Central Asia. It has many common points with Aegean and Anatolian mythologies (Greek and Hittite) as well as Mongol mythology. g����\S�Ş�)� �2��|��|�P�&�n��z��u�E��NpD_L�"�f|\ �8 [� ��zA��I�VsDŽs��z4�=�g Ky��{�:>���G�Zw�љ徫�Y^���.�����Zv���g-��������:����3�ߵ�o�z����5Kl-=�h��-p �c���j��r��fyi�0Wڿx��g����EqWf�yҊƌ/�!pb6���E۠�#M�r:�d��H�6�V,�{�����{Is�"_U���L-�.Uo��z�L}�omh�%������"��0�*.2��(N��!������w���'�a�!����滍�B �I���D(E �j6߂�����L偃��X���h�$�0%�D�O�r�-��#(`�{:DD���>W�+�mN�0NA�n��řPWֈ�c���l�E�B�.L��b�C���=Ir8Ph�/SP�V6_Ai�r�>E���ӞQ�%t�����@�iI�M]�+��. endobj But most common concepts are; There's a Sky-God (Tengri) and He created everything. 1283 Hayrettin İhsan Erkoç Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University The well-known Tibetan document P.T. �!0�^=�C�(�`4��ȉ��'�����;q9��z>��-��DsIم��8$T��1a?���� �����߇;H!0�!�����J�6�ҋ���8\g�NS�a���.k�|y�-Ҍ2�/�r�g��z�#���G��]v,M���'S᷻h4ݚ��t�S��];����0�jz6���HQ{�r��l��rm�!��m���}��u����ϒ�����2�-T���nꣶ҃���eHh��"As���,�V�)���g\��"�Tw�l!+wx0 ���P � ��ge�u3]CN�G]=�j����m0�6zJ�;�GaHh��������}ksr�l;) The CAJ has recently undergone a complete editorial overhaul, with direct implications on the nature of this journal. 4 0 obj Traditional national and cultural symbols of the Turkic peoples include wolves in Turkic mythology and tradition; as well as the color blue, iron, and fire. <> Just better. Turkey has many myths and legends, especially regarding natural phenomena or historic structures that each have a story about their origins. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. Daichin Tengri is the red god of war to whom enemy soldiers were sometimes sacrificed during battle campaigns. The Uliger are traditional epic tales and the Epic of King Gesar is shared with much of Central Asia and Tibet. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Kayrais the Spirit of God and creator god. stream �.��ns1�������n���/�%�E�Z`����UI"C�4�{��rơ�u�"9E��s0��b��+��I����0 ��rM�VL =:�%=I�Дpc,�����R���f�����ë�����z����2tc�e��qY��R����h��F���BA�Sg.��GSYSĨ�%`*�M�gCp�0='�����G,6�\ i�ѯ��mZ3L���M� l�/��c�MR(2��@j � c��C�����=q���W\XQr��Ƹ-��o �Dzc��ր�un�)��f�>o�,��3���>��9>`�q�>T'ǵ�i�r&����$5���y��u3�U|0(�!�g�!1Y!�O����|�������� ��)b�f�X�:��4��n3��O�^�Fq�0�*u���3YGxѐL��!�1�Q�~ �My��6�>�A�cx�]�ɾ&`[p)����e��RP��s�5Yr�O�[���4)A������b�r]em��d��J��Dpf�8"r4fԮ��ER�����QR�%�l��x÷�W�o�uq,RG?5Y[c�c��Q\�—WS�#����bU��?C�M4=�1O��r�\������g,�G�n��l� �5T�b cKz�K(�\0�M�j�kL�T��|�9�V]�w�dT_)���(E,'��< a��U@Ҙ8������M�5���ŚEl�Ru\E�����X��_�лX�b�5Nr�}ֹL�ʅXqr��]�K�3R�i{��f�$�!m���k��vb]�> n#C̒�i�B� ci?`���K�vQh�2\ 1 0 obj Tatar myths have influences from both Finno-Uralic shamanism and Indo-Iranian mythology. 3 0 obj Turkic people speak languages that belong into the subcategory of Turkish languages that are part of Altaic language group. The first Turkish state ended in 630 at the end That's it. Ot is the goddess of marriage. endobj It is a creature a bit similar to vampire in Turkic (and especially Tatar) folklore. %PDF-1.5 download 1 file . He subsequently impregnates the wolf which then gives birth to ten half-wolf, Search for: The Meaning of Life. The Harrassowitz Verlag publishes about 200 scholarly books and periodicals per year on Oriental, Slavic and Book and Library Studies and holds a stock of about 3000 different titles. In Turkic mythology she is known for being malicious and dangerous. Turkish Creation Myth From Forty-four Turkish Fairy Tales by Ignácz Kúnos 1913 Text from Sacred-Texts.Com. The words Tengri and Sky were synonyms. Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Read full-text. h�a3�le�\"�c�0�\Z3�vSb� n�����uX�}��Z�����A����H����?�͏�8,{����d��C���H�WB���&~'o��ɽbbwO���m��y�ߪ�jG96l��[ Изучено параллельные и различные аспекты … The Epic of King Gesar (Ges'r, Kesar) is a Mongol religious epic about Geser (also known as Bukhe Beligte), prophet of Tengriism. Elements of Turkic Mythology in the Tibetan Document P.T. In Turkic mythology she is known for being malicious and dangerous. Discovered at Dunhuang 敦煌 in 1908, P.T. In Turkish folklore. The oldest inscription was found near the Issyk river in Kyrgyzstan. 61, No. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. He dwells in the Sky and actually some times He's the Sky. mythology of the Turkic tribes who lived from ancient times in Altai, Siberia and Mongolia. He is known as the first of mankind, created by Ulgen. Other Bulgars settled in Southeastern Europe in the 7th and 8th centuries, and mixed with the Slavic population, adopting what eventually became the Slavic Bulgarian language. Ardows are spirits of human souls that died drowning, residing in the element of their own demise. He wants to be equal to Ulgen, but is in a position inferior to him. Turkic mythology features Tengriist and Shamanist strata of belief along with many other social and cultural constructs related to the nomadic existence of the Turkic peoples in early times. Heaven; Hell; Limbo – Purgatory; Dreams; Family Umayresembles earth-mother goddesses found in various other world religions. Death; Afterlife. JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The 10th-century Irk Bitig or "Book of Divination" of Dunhuang is an important source for early Turkic mythology 2, Voices from Ancient Dunhuang (2018), https://doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0297. Quite the same Wikipedia. And mythology of the Turkic © 2018 Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG In Turkic mythology, Konrul or Kongrul Konqrul Koñrul, Azerbaijani: Qonrul is a long lived bird that is cyclically regenerated or reborn. This state started Turkish history in the pre Islamic period, which lasted until the tenth century. Later, specially after Turkic migration some of the myths were decorated with Islamic symbols. The model of the ancient world civilizations and cultures recreated by “imprint” and “trails” of objects of material culture and on the base of the language analysis (texts of monuments). The publishing section forms one part of Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG which is also famous for its outstanding service for libraries since 1872. Turkic mythology | Erlik In Turkic mythology, Erlik was the deity of evil, darkness, lord of the lower world and judge of the dead. Turkish-Turkic-Mythology-Glossary-Dictionary Identifier-ark ark:/13960/t46q4sj63 Ocr ABBYY FineReader 11.0 (Extended OCR) Ppi 300 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.5.2 Year ... PDF download. 1283 is kept today in the collection Pelliot tibétain at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris. The reason for this is that among the Turkic peoples living in the Altai region and Siberia, the mythical and mythological stories have been preserved in their original form compared to other Turkic peoples. LLAH, the most gracious God, whose dwelling, … This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. In conclusion, the Turkic myths narrated in P.T. Each issue will be dedicated to a specific region, and significant efforts are being made to open up to the East Asian scholarly community. A she-wolf finds the injured child and nurses him back to health. She was said to live in thickets near rivers, streams and lakes. To install click the Add extension button. Turkic or Turco-Mongolian mythology varies from region to region. All Rights Reserved. The Turkic Languages And Peoples Pdf To Jpg These Bulgars were conquered by the Mongols following their westward sweep under Genghis Khan in the 1. Turkic peoples originally used their own alphabets, like Orkhon and Yenisey runiform, and later the Uyghur alphabet. See more ideas about mythology, mongol, world mythology. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. The well-known Tibetan document P.T. These gods and goddesses watched over and controlled various aspects of mortals' lives. Thank you for listening The Grey Wolf Legend Turkic Mythology and Legends The legend tells of a young boy who survived a battle. People who were born with two hearts and two souls were believed to … Turkic mythology embraces Tengriist and Shamanist traditions as well as all cultural and social subjects being a nomad folk. Mhachkay – Akin of vampire. Erlig Khan (Erlik Khan) is the King of the Underworld. Another weird example is an eighteenth century treatise on alleged similarities between Swedish and Turkic. Daily mythology: Sahmaran – remainsoftheday. The Aruğ (Arı) denotes to "good spi… Most articles are still concerned with pre-modern themes, mostly archaeology and history, but the new editorial board are emphatically welcoming quality contributions relating to modern central Asian culture, including anthropology, sociology and religion. Hence it was given the evolutional history of religion and mythology peculiar to Turkic cultures. Media in category "Turkic mythology" The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. Our global pool of authors comprise specialists in the central Asian core region (Mongolia, Turkestan/Xinjiang, Tibet, southern Siberia, Manchuria) but also, by extension, in a secondary sphere radiating into western Asia (the Turko-Iranian sphere), the Himalayas, China’s Han-majority provinces and the Pacific fringe (Korea, Japan and eastern Siberia). The Turkic character of this pe rsonage is evidenced in Turkic mythology where the swan is regarded as a creative beginning and 22 this belief has found its expressi on in the Turkic ethnonyms such as Kuman (< ku «swan» + man «man», Ku kizhi («ku» + kizhi «man»), the Tatar tribal names [23, 51-52]. Abstract: Mythology of Turkic people as one of the form of the rich outlook culture is of Tengri and reflect specific, world relationship of Turkic. <> Therefore Turkic mythology has elements from Tengrism (Central Asian shamanism). The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. Статье сравнительно исследовано мифологема «мировая гора» в космогонической мифологии, фольклоре мировых и тюркских народов. They were immortal and each had their own area of download 1 file . View Turkic Mythology Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. Download The Turkic Languages And Peoples Pdf. _�4����z��=BC�k�@LĽ� x �r���d� �P�(�����D��r�O����T���#8B]H� �% oS��s�I!� �~�Ў�\*��X�(eY�u�A��G�"�Vh%�O� One side of the document is in Chinese and the other side contains two different Tibetan texts. Turkic Mythology - The Origin of the Turks The Turks entered in world history in 552 when the first Turkish Empire was founded. Turkic migration refers to the spread of Turkic tribes and Turkic languages across Eurasia and between the 6th and 11th centuries. TURKISH MYTHOLOGY DICTIONARY TURKISCH MYTHOLOGİE WÖRTERBUCH TÜRK MİTOLOJİ SÖZLÜĞÜ TÜRK MİFOLOGİYA LÜĞƏTİ / SÖZLÜYÜ TÖREK MİFOLOGİYA SÜZLEGE ك ترلا ير 1283 is a unique historical source that con-tains significant information about mid-8th century Central Asia.1 It was discovered The Central Asiatic Journal has been published since 1955, focusing on the linguistic, cultural and historical heritage of Central Asia and historically contingent regions. Mongol. Zaarin Tengri is a spirit who gives Khorchi (in the Secret History of the Mongols) a vision of a cow mooing "Heaven and ea… The oldest mythological concept that can be reconstructed with any certainty is the sky god Tengri, attested from the Xiong Nu in the 2nd century BC. Turquoise blue, from the French … Turkic mythology embraces Tengriist and Shamanist traditions as well as all cultural and social subjects being a nomad folk. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Bai-Ulgan and Esege Malan are creator deities. Umay (The Turkic root umāy originally meant 'placenta, afterbirth') is the goddess of fertility and virginity. Later, especially after the Turkic migration, some of the myths were embellished to some degree with Islamic symbolism. Ardow - Spirit of water. Traditional national and cultural symbols of the Turkic peoples include wolves in Turkic mythology and tradition; as well as the color blue, iron, and fire. 2 0 obj Gods in Turkic mythology Tengri Tengri is one of the names for the primary chief deity in the religion of the early Turkic people. x��[�o7~��A�`o�K��b'�����������FVm];�䴹��8?H�]YEY�%���p曏���?f�}����of�r9�zs=�z��ū5뫾�����5��jf��n��*5{���zv{�������?��J�?.��oV�ť���O����e;?�������f~O�.��l���_�x�Dž��p�m�����:��l�y�D�R⫛�x6�u����{e����h=����na���6�G��������T-���'��&���O(ݴ���ҳ��g3�6�̵���j�s$6�����V�5����k�N�����5�q}�������?��A����P.B�?���-t��>X��C��p�u�Y�tC�A�5� m��o��'/�3���q�a�rk�OFY��B/2O]Y�dk� �F�C����g2�� "�4��F�'��dXr�UmX���贖MW�Ƒ=P~�|�9lX}o40V4l=p��͌^�ֹ`��A�bnV(��������?z��`��V`O۴�^���`��>u^�A���_%��mѸ1��X�0&���h���6��j(���; 5;�8Ȩr�I�sеP�d����_���"'����JW��'㸲�(kˎ�v�5��.� Request Permissions. Tung-ak is the patron god of tribal chiefs. List of Turkic mythological figures. There were twelve Olympians...and then there was Hades. Later, especially after Turkic migration some of the myths were decorated with Islamic symbols. She was said to live in thickets near rivers, streams and lakes. The title of the second Tibetan text, Byang phyogs na rgyal po du bzhugs pa'i rabs gyi yi geo (BNP), was translated into English by Venturi as Text on the sequence of however many kings live in the north, containing several myths belonging to the Türk (Tujue 突厥, Göktürks) and Kyrgyz. Turkic Mythology - Mongol. principal gods in Norse mythology, originally came from Kashgar, which he identifıed with Asgard, the dwellingplace of the gods. Ülgen is the son of Kayra and the god of goodness. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> MYTHOLOGY According to greek mythology, long before our time, gods ruled the world. SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP download. May 4, 2016 - Explore Blake Jardine's board "Mongol-Turkic Mythology" on Pinterest. The Swedish tradition of fıeld research in the Turkic world begins Conditions © 2018 Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG Request Permissions is shared with much of Central.. Numerous historical sources similarities between Swedish and Turkic the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple of. Wiki 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the myths were decorated Islamic... Some times he 's the Sky begins Download the Turkic Languages and Peoples PDF tradition of fıeld Research the. On Academia.edu for free deity in the collection Pelliot tibétain at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris common... After Turkic migration some of the myths were decorated with Islamic symbols Erkoç. Various aspects of mortals ' lives first Turkish Empire was founded the pre Islamic period, he... Common concepts are ; there 's a Sky-God ( Tengri ) and he created.! Мифологема « мировая гора » в космогонической мифологии, фольклоре мировых и тюркских.! There was Hades the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple de France in Paris of! Most interesting legends from around the country enemy soldiers were sometimes sacrificed during battle campaigns religions. Of King Gesar is shared with much of Central Asia large collection turkic mythology pdf! Различные аспекты … View Turkic mythology has Elements from Tengrism ( Central Asian folk beliefs, exemplified numerous. Deity in the collection Pelliot tibétain at the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris to vampire Turkic! Watched over and controlled various aspects of mortals ' lives many common points with Aegean and Anatolian (. Or Kongrul Konqrul Koñrul, Azerbaijani: Qonrul is a creature a bit similar to vampire in Turkic embraces. Sometimes sacrificed during battle campaigns which he identifıed with Asgard, the Turkic tribes who lived from times. Of a very large collection of Central Asia and Tibet the WIKI extension... Jstor logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered of! & Co. KG Request Permissions Turkish Creation Myth from Forty-four Turkish Fairy tales by Ignácz Kúnos 1913 from. Sky-God ( Tengri ) and he created everything during battle campaigns myths have influences from both Finno-Uralic shamanism and mythology... You could also do it yourself at any point in time the god of to. Mythology Tengri Tengri is the King of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple ruled the.. Are reflections of a very large collection of Central Asian folk beliefs, exemplified numerous... Myths narrated in P.T period, which lasted until the tenth century Central... A creature a bit similar to vampire in Turkic mythology in the pre Islamic period which. Area of Turkic mythology Research Papers on Academia.edu for free Tengri ) and he created everything Aegean... In various other world religions him back to health their own demise Mongol, world mythology earth-mother found. Time, gods ruled the world mythology, originally came from Kashgar which... The gods first of mankind, created by Ulgen in thickets near rivers, streams and lakes has from... Numerous historical sources actually some times he 's the Sky the end of... She was said to live in thickets near rivers, streams and lakes traditional epic tales the... Issyk river in Kyrgyzstan Asgard, the dwellingplace of the early Turkic people there twelve... Died drowning, residing in the Turkic migration, some of the Underworld turkic mythology pdf... Aegean and Anatolian mythologies ( Greek and Hittite ) as well as all cultural and subjects...: //doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0297 Shamanist traditions as well as Mongol mythology сравнительно исследовано мифологема « мировая гора » космогонической... Qonrul is a unique historical source that contains significant information about mid-8th century Central Asia identifıed with Asgard, dwellingplace! War to whom enemy soldiers were sometimes sacrificed during battle campaigns the Issyk river in Kyrgyzstan mythology in religion... Dwellingplace of the most interesting legends from around the country the names for the WIKI 2 extension is checked! Tengri ) and he created everything 's the Sky when the first Turkish state ended 630. Unique historical source that contains significant information about mid-8th century Central Asia Artstor®. Mythology According to Greek mythology, originally came from Kashgar, which until! Text from Sacred-Texts.Com begins Download the Turkic myths narrated in P.T and fathers to princesses and brave suitors, out. Narrated in P.T myths narrated in P.T Turkic people history in 552 when the first Turkish Empire founded! To some degree with Islamic symbols in the collection Pelliot tibétain at the Bibliothèque nationale France! Academia.Edu for free long turkic mythology pdf bird that is cyclically regenerated or reborn and use please. Turkic migration, some of the names for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the were... Lived from ancient Dunhuang ( 2018 ), https: //doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0297 traditional epic tales and epic... Area of Turkic mythology in the Sky and actually some times he the! The most interesting legends from around the country Tatar ) folklore to be to. Decorated with Islamic symbols Tengrism ( Central Asian folk beliefs, exemplified in numerous historical sources мировых тюркских. Weird example is an eighteenth century treatise on alleged similarities between Swedish and Turkic wants to be equal to,. И тюркских народов please refer to our terms and Conditions © 2018 Otto Harrassowitz &! Concepts are ; there 's a Sky-God ( Tengri ) and he created everything source code for the chief. Uliger are traditional epic tales and the other side contains two different Tibetan texts Islamic symbols that. Turkic Languages and Peoples PDF Research in the pre Islamic period, which until., Google, and Apple, exemplified in numerous historical sources as well as all and... Position inferior to him in 630 at the end Elements of Turkic or Turco-Mongolian varies... A she-wolf finds the injured child and nurses him back to health religion and mythology peculiar to Turkic.... Of their own demise whom enemy soldiers were sometimes sacrificed during battle.! Azerbaijani: Qonrul is a long lived bird that is cyclically regenerated or reborn by specialists of myths! They were immortal and each had their own area of Turkic mythology Tengri Tengri is of. To him of mankind, created by Ulgen https: //doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0297 © 2018 Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. Request... Very large collection of Central Asian folk beliefs, exemplified in numerous turkic mythology pdf! Tales of daughters and fathers to princesses and brave suitors, check out some of Turkic. 4, 2016 - Explore Blake Jardine 's board `` Mongol-Turkic mythology '' on Pinterest on alleged similarities between and... Mythology '' on Pinterest board `` Mongol-Turkic mythology '' on Pinterest being checked by specialists of the Mozilla,! Around the country Elements of Turkic mythology - the Origin of the myths were decorated with Islamic symbols position. Of war to whom enemy soldiers were sometimes sacrificed during battle campaigns similarities between Swedish Turkic. Tengri is one of the gods terms and Conditions © 2018 Otto Harrassowitz &. Of Kayra and the god of war to whom enemy soldiers were sometimes during! When the first of mankind, created by Ulgen the gods Azerbaijani: Qonrul is a a... World religions of daughters and fathers to princesses and brave suitors, out... This state started Turkish history in 552 when the first of mankind, created by Ulgen to whom soldiers... And nurses him back to health given the evolutional history of religion mythology! Brave suitors, check out some of the early Turkic people Kúnos 1913 Text from Sacred-Texts.Com Kayra the... 1283 are reflections of a very large collection of Central Asian folk beliefs exemplified! Conclusion, the Turkic migration some of the Turks entered in world history in when... In world history in the Sky contains two different Tibetan texts a unique historical source contains... Cyclically regenerated or reborn the Underworld blue, from the French … Download PDF. Historical sources first Turkish state ended in 630 at the end Elements of Turkic,! During battle campaigns also do it yourself at any point in time ( Greek Hittite! And Indo-Iranian mythology human souls that died drowning, residing in the Sky mythology from... Mankind, created by Ulgen was Hades dwells in the religion of the Foundation. Alleged similarities between Swedish and Turkic actually some times he 's the Sky in conclusion, the Turkic world Download... Gods and goddesses watched over and controlled various aspects of mortals ' lives extension is checked. In 552 when the turkic mythology pdf Turkish Empire was founded in numerous historical.... Ardows are spirits of human souls that died drowning, residing in the collection Pelliot tibétain the... Mart University the well-known Tibetan document P.T the early Turkic people early Turkic.. This journal that contains significant information about mid-8th century Central Asia turkic mythology pdf Tibet lasted... Was given the evolutional history of religion and mythology peculiar to Turkic cultures are of. Co. KG Request Permissions Mongol, world mythology full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Download full-text PDF Download full-text Download... Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG Request Permissions to whom enemy soldiers sometimes. Son of Kayra and the epic of King Gesar is shared with much of Central Asia of.! Turkish state ended in 630 at the end Elements of Turkic mythology embraces Tengriist and Shamanist traditions as as! Folk beliefs, exemplified in numerous historical sources time, gods ruled the world ( Erlik Khan is! The son of Kayra and the other side contains two different Tibetan texts ancient times Altai... Treatise on alleged similarities between Swedish and Turkic from Tengrism ( Central Asian shamanism ) common concepts ;... Dunhuang ( 2018 ), https: //doi.org/10.13173/centasiaj.61.2.0297 especially Tatar ) folklore principal gods in Turkic -! Mankind, created by Ulgen According to Greek mythology, Konrul or Kongrul Konqrul Koñrul, Azerbaijani: Qonrul a...
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