specific gravity of transformer oil
This can be tricky. 7: ASTM D-1500: ASTM color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale) 8: ASTM D-445: Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent & Opaque Liquids. 0000064605 00000 n 0000008352 00000 n The thermophysical and electrical properties of graphene–transformer oil nanofluid at three weight percentage concentrations (0.01%, 0.03%, and 0.05%) were experimentally studied. If you have to install a transformer in the basement of a building, 3 floors underground, you may decide you want a higher flash point depending if it is occupied office space. The IEEE limits are split into categories for <69kV, 69–230kV and >230kV. Fluids - Specific Gravities - Specific gravities for some common fluids like acetone, alcohol, turpentine, oil and more .. Hydrocarbons - physical data - Molweight, melting and boiling point, density, flash point and autoignition temperature, as well as number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in each molecule are given for 200 different hydrocarbons Viscosity is also affected by temperature, such that in a cold climate it is important that the viscosity is sufficiently low to enable adequate oil circulation. Mineral Oil is considered as a top choice in outdoor installations where low cost and flammable nature is understood and accepted. (ASTM D1298) The specific gravity (relative density) of an oil is the ratio of the weights of equal volumes of oil and water. That is the same for oil. A specific gravity <1 means the oil … Larger transformers may even have fans attached to the fins to assist in the cooling process. Water in insulating liquids: ASTM D 1533. The type of particles will help to narrow the list of components involved in the fault. For example, if the specific gravity of water is 1.0 and oil is 0.89, the oil will float on top of the water. 0000067699 00000 n Aging Study and Lifetime Estimation of Transformer Mineral Oil Mohammad R. Meshkatoddini ... of the oil are viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, oxidation stability, total acid number, ... of the oil [1,2]. In many cases you will be able to detect PCB contamination just by sniffing a sample. Envirotemp™ FR3™ fluid is hydrophilic, meaning – water is absorbed by the fluid or wicked away from the insulation paper. Certain transformer components produce specific metal particles. It is define as this testing a high specific gravity to indicate the oil ability or suspend water. Specific Gravity - Direct ratio of any liquid's weight to the weight of water at 62 degrees F. Water at 62 degrees F weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon and is designated 1.0 sp. It is used in oil-filled transformers, some types of high voltage capacitors, fluorescent lamp ballasts, and some types of … 0000002250 00000 n A high specific gravity indicates the oil’s ability to suspend water. Transformer Oil Sampling Neta International Electricalpoint of a transformer can change is after the retrofill of insulating fluid, such as Askarel to Silicone. Dielectric Dissipation Factor … {�E��aq:�2��� �1П�N��i�; ]�hq� �CF4��3��� �U[�_R�o3�Rx� �!��9�j� �O�e���E�P�Ae,DsX������;�$��� Water has a specific gravity of 1.000; transformer oil is lighter than water, so the specific gravity is less than one. This is 100% edible and meets the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criteria for “Ultimate Biodegradability” classification. The specific density of transformer oil will vary based on the manufacturer and region or location where the oil will be primarily used. Basic screening tests indicate the dielectric strength, interfacial tension, water concentration, specific gravity, and acidity of the oil. 0000002539 00000 n 0000048605 00000 n The thermal class of the insulating materials constrain the transformer’s (temperature) operating limits. If the oil has a specific gravity >1, this means the oil will settle to the bottom and any water or moisture will sit on top. 0000060642 00000 n 0000084734 00000 n Taking a good oil sample is not a difficult task. Dielectric breakdown voltage: ASTM D 877 and/or ASTM D 1816, Acid neutralization number: ANSI/ASTM D 974, Specific gravity: ANSI/ASTM D 1298 (*Optional). 76 Transformer Oil 1. You need to take your sample from the top. Acetylene, Hydrogen, Ethylene, Methane and Carbon Monoxide are a few we look out for. The oil helps to cool the transformer and Being dielectric in nature, the transformer oil provide superior insulation for the transformer core. 0000001824 00000 n It is a highly refined mineral oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. The oil controls the melt flow behavior of the finished polymer besides providing release properties. Transformer oil or insulating oil is an oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. If it is a government facility, they may mandate biodegradable. These metal particles will be found alone or in differing combinations and concentrations. 0000060664 00000 n Specific gravity. This is a test of a physical property that relates to the oil’s composition and function. Determines the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of transformer oil by use of hydrometer at a reference temperature. As the temperature expands, the density of the oil diminishes. At room temperature, FR3 fluid has 10 times the water saturation level as mineral oil (FR3 fluid can dissolve over 1000 mg/kg of water before becoming saturated compared to 60 mg/kg for mineral oil at 20°C.). You want to take your sample from the bottom. These oils typically consist of raw vegetable oils. Oil viscosity is an important controlling factor in the dissipation of heat. Despite the variables that determine the density of the oil, the density number should not exceed 900 kg / m3 at a predetermined temperature of +20°C/+68°F. +o�@�N�Y���Y��f�7��O��ӳ�Tٸ\4��}ΧMknq�"��83?Ag%�>�jh�P ���D(�X��e�j���am(��< Ɍ9�fřn5�@!�I�p�(�*,B����i&6�L\�P�Vcb���&c@D6�j=T(y��`\��]n�E����&��@[TD�����4-����W/c�Q�4I��^�+���Є�*f��yE�֕�@?#�{qC|�_�s����vWh�t��q�3{=Vk!����i�� ��/BU��N��_�3(:r'��LQ�'n�����������8�-�33G�_W�{�Nց���2>�K�c��BfY=��ɠz�5��qK�3�Bz�]T��'jʆҳJ��|B�O�Ҍ�����N�% �~�W�5��e��q���!�Va ЙI!��_�Q�{���;����PW.����h�K5���(��iN ��V�㷦n�m*�s�k���;�V�!%?��i8%;�1��I���O�VI)F��E�z((8e�j���xk�Ã����ý���+��{���0�&ba�mxO�Ä��b4�v80#����GK���We����j*ߐ���V|������K]0����C�X��d��&��-��pR~���ff�AR����y��ۧ #�{�M��6 ��F�{4�{1z�b�t��㈈2��ϘA�a{�C�������q|��(��T�l���X/UM��n7�$RH�nl��vW.3�a,�j��d�+� �E������?�)����V�Z8e��_�Cq� 3�'�M��[qAwp�IB����U�� �r3��wG�J��[y���˭����Gɇ���4� ��ɽ��k�/k�M2:Id�Y�J����� _=Q�CV:��W���r��NN�>����ڙBUtK�5xt�\b)�Z}��J�/Q_��\�4G��M���9)EPw��e(8���\jOӶ���58zL�B�si��m>��C=��AQ=s��H� �B��B9������d�SHp/5vQ�.��./ܱ�b��#~'@l�ƁJ4�^���(�c�^���{�-� >�q����h2��YLͲ7w�M$3����,#Pv �$�V\f*��`�^��>��:��o��!p*��c t�&A9UrV� ��m�sGL�̛9d��ޗ��C@�*w�ZM�vRxΊ���v��L��A`���f�#b�]M�)Î�}٘�ҥ�c����# F1/a The dissipation factor, also called the power factor, is measured at 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit. 0000002188 00000 n The specific density of transformer oil will vary based on the manufacturer and region or location where the oil will be primarily used. If the oil is grossly contaminated with PCB (well over 1.0, usually about 1.5) it will be above the 0.890 mark. oil. Specific Gravity - Direct ratio of any liquid's weight to the weight of water at 62 degrees F. Water at 62 degrees F weighs 8.33 pounds per gallon and is designated 1.0 sp. 0000102327 00000 n They are applied in transformers as electric insulators and coolants. While, it is used extremely cold climates, specific gravity, physical and chemical reaction. 0000063572 00000 n The carried out tests on the transformer oil included: the breakdown voltage, total acidity, flash point, specific gravity and kinematic viscosity. Metals that may be found in transformer oil are: aluminium, copper, iron, lead, silver, tin and zinc. 0000087696 00000 n Specific Gravity/ Density of oil @ 20°C (ASTM D1298) Visual Appearance (ASTM D1524) Oxidation Inhibitor content (BHT) (IEC 60666) Metals: Cu, Al, Fe, Cr, Ni, Pb (ICP AES, ASTM D5185) Specific Gravity of Transformer Oil, ... Another instance when the sampling point of a transformer can change is after the retrofill of insulating fluid, such as Askarel to Silicone. It meets the requirements of ASTM D 3487 Type II fluid, providing good performance in transformers, circuit … 0000067049 00000 n If the transformer is a padmount style transformer that is 13,800V Primary and 480/277V or 208/120V, you may need to de-energize the transformer for safety reasons. 0000063961 00000 n : rs 423-7363 supplier: electrolube. A typical specification for new oil is 0.84 to 0.91. Despite the variables that determine the density of the oil, the density number should not exceed 900 kg / m3 at a predetermined temperature of +20°C/+68°F. The short answer, absolutely! 0000088121 00000 n There are endless variables to why you may choose one of the oil types over another. A crude oil system exists at 1650 psi and a temperature of 250°F. Transformer Oil is used for insulation and cooling of transformer. 0000082056 00000 n �T*Ϗ���s��1�D���+D�n��3ҙ ��0X�x�?�Ծ��~[m 5N��m�;(�? 0000002518 00000 n 0000069741 00000 n Does the oil have a specific gravity >1 or <1. 0000008189 00000 n 0000048340 00000 n The following tests can be adopted before using the insulating oil. You need to take your sample from the top. Transformer oil or insulating oil is a highly refined mineral or silicone oil that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. Our comprehensive range of services, including oil, hydraulic fluid, fuel, transformer, silicon, coolant and gas analysis, are tailored to your specific requirements so you always have the resources available when you most need them. 0000103026 00000 n Transformer oil keeps the transformer cool. To improve the cooling process, radiators or “fins” are installed on the side of a transformer. Classic Micro Minerals - Manufacturer of Transparency Minerals, Specific Minerals Gravity & Cleavage Minerals from Kishangarh, Rajasthan, India 0000113952 00000 n The characteristics of the transformer oil are analyzed at cool and very hot temperatures. Acidity measures the acid levels in the transformer liquid. 0000103005 00000 n 0000048676 00000 n Type / Function: Heat Transfer, Thermal Oil, Coolant; Thermal / Hot Oil; Anti-freeze, Secondary Refrigerant or Circulating Coolant Specific Gravity: 0.8867 Kinematic Viscosity: 19.0 Use Temperature: 18 to 550 Transformer Oil. Transformer oil is a liquid that is stable at high temperatures and has excellent electrical insulating properties. This is a test of a physical property that relates to the oil’s composition and function. Specific Gravity: 0.88 - 0.89 Bulk Density: 7.33 - 7.41 lbs/gal There are key gasses that we look for in a Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). Sampling from the bottom would provide the most water content in … Specific Gravity of Transformer Insulating Fluids. It also insulates the transformer and allows electrical components to be more compact than free air apparatus. 0000088142 00000 n 0000064164 00000 n You need to take your sample from the top. number: Resistivity: D1169: Measures the electrical insulating properties of transformer oil under conditions comparable to those of the test. %PDF-1.4 %���� 0000048634 00000 n Does the oil have a specific gravity >1 or <1. 0000026800 00000 n Inside the transformer, it works like a liquid insulation, helping with reduced clearances, and then for cooling and carrying heat from the windings and dissipating it through the tank body and Radiators. Oil stored in drums does not retain its original dielectric strength and should be tested and treated before use in electrical equipment. Taking a bad oil sample is a very easy task. �ggÉ̊A��!#�h����yf��r� 0000049589 00000 n 0000027616 00000 n gr. Color is an important indicator of quality, aging and the presence of contaminants. 0000081260 00000 n Silicone oil is a little less flammable than Mineral oil. Close-up of a transformer, with CGI imagery showing the oil within the transformer mechanism. Water has a specific gravity of 1.000; transformer oil is lighter than water, so the specific gravity is less than one. 0000026831 00000 n Specific Gravity . Different types of transformers warrant different things. 0000085018 00000 n Transformer Oil Analysis tests identify whether the insulating properties are acceptable by measuring degradation and contamination of the oil. 0000057977 00000 n gr. A high specific gravity indicates the oil's ability to suspend water. A specific gravity <1 means the oil is lighter than water and will sit on top of … The specific Gravity of water is 1.0. A high specific gravity indicates the oil’s ability to suspend water. �9�3ۈ�W��F}^c������j�o|��Ũ Transformer oil temperature likewise affects the density of the transformer oil. Insulating transformer oil shall be tested for -Dielectric breakdown voltage, Water content, Acid neutralization number, Specific gravity, lnterfacial tension, Visual condition, Color, Power factor tests. 0000026873 00000 n 0000047988 00000 n In extremely cold climates, specific gravity can be used to determine whether ice, resulting from freezing of water in oil-filled apparatus, will float on the oil. As acid levels increase, the quality of the oil decreases, causing dielectric loss, corrosion, and thermal problems from sludge. Different cases of transformer oil used in tests are: - Transformer oil of transformers (1 & 5) is new (fresh). 11001 - TRANSFORMER OIL REVISION DATE:MAY 2003 SAFETY DATA SHEET TRANSFORMER OIL 1. The specific gravity of fresh engine oil was 0.90, while the specific gravity of used engine oil was 0.93. the result of the specific gravity for the composite solvent extraction treatment is 0.88, the specific gravity of single solvent extraction treatment is 0.858, and a specific gravity of acid treatment is 0.909 as shown in Figure 3. ), (Adjustable crescent wrench, channel lock pliers, 3/8″ and 1/4″ tubing, empty sterile oil sample bottle and/or DGA syringe, rags, etc.). γ g = specific gravity of the solution gas. 0000102984 00000 n Power factor or dissipation factor in accordance with ASTM D 924. It has a high fire point and is typically used in indoor areas like below grade transformer vaults. Most people will argue that you should de-energize the transformer before taking a sample. Transformer is one of the main asset in the electrical power industry which needs to be maintained for guaranteed uninterrupted power transmission in order to get assured revenue benefits. Acces PDF Transformer Oil Sampling Neta International Electrical The oil circulates through the transformer by natural convection. Traces of acetylene may be formed if the fault is severe or involves electrical contacts. In extremely cold climates, specific gravity can be used to determine whether ice will float on the oil. 0000067487 00000 n While it may be extremely difficult to physically see inside of a metal tank, we can still analyze the oil and paint the picture of the inside. According to Simetric, the density of pure water at 4 degree centigrade is considered as the baseline for specific gravity; so its specific gravity is 1. Does the oil have a specific gravity >1 or <1. 0000069153 00000 n source- Transformer Oil Density and Viscosity - ! f cellulose is overheated, carbon monoxide is generated.
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