illustrator text to shape

This is a very creative and eye catching move that helps certain web and print designs to get more people to start reading their material. Now select rectangle shape and text and align them properly with the Horizontal and Vertical Align tools. Click on Pathfinder - Unite to combine the letters into one shape. I selected the rectangular tool and created a rectangle. By converting the word “Winning” and the thin black rectangles into shapes and then merging them. The tricky part comes when you want to add two phrases and have one right side up at the top of the circle and one right side up at the bottom of the circle. You can get it for free from Google fonts. Step 2. Does someone know an easy way to achieve this? Create the text. (In this example, I used the font Myriad Pro Black). Convert text to outlines by right-clicking and choosing Create Outlines. Now comes the pathfinder time. Lynda.com is now LinkedIn Learning! Step 2. Step 1: Create your text Type your text using the Type tool and assign a font. Method 1 of 2: Text on a Line. I’ll write the word “typography” since it is long and the effect will look better. Fortunately, that's really easy to do in Illustrator. More shape builder goodness 10. The first way in which you can warp text into shapes with Illustrator is by using the make with warp feature. Remember, the text cannot be edited unless it is turned into an object. Changing Default settings in Adobe Illustrator CS6 "Convert to Shape>Rectangle"? There are many distortion effects in Adobe Illustrator used to Distort Shapes NOTE: If you are using Illustrator CS3 and above and able to handle the mouse quite well, you can divide the shape with Eraser Tool (Shift + E). Illustrator Tutorial: How to create sliced text effect in Adobe Illustrator. You will see something interesting. It’ isn’t that hard to do the conversion but I find the “Create Outlines” for what ever reason doesn’t jump out at my in the drop down list. Create a simple blood text effect. You can also ungroup the whole thing and use the selection tool but that would be complicating the process. To wrap your text around a circle in Illustrator, simply grab the Type on a Path Tool and click on the circle that you’d like the text place around. Notice that in your Layers panel the first Rectangle was converted to text inside a shape. First, create a New Document. I usually get rid of these with merge and no issues. The brush stroke – To make the capsule, I have used the brush stroke. I'm working with an Adobe Illustrator batch action that part of the tasks is the Convert to shape>rectangle. Hi, I'm using Illustrator CS for WinXP, but any version of Illustrator 7 or higher should be similar. As it is with any Adobe software (or any professional software), things are complicated and the learning curve is a bit steep. I just transformed the text box to show you how I want it to be but the text inside will also transformed (see picture below). No shapes have open contours. Then follow these simple steps: Select the text. Before you use the pathfinder tool, there are a few things you need to before that. This wikiHow will show you how to curve text in Adobe Illustrator using the Warp option in the Effects menu or by using the Type on a Path Tool on a computer. Grab your Rectangle tool from the toolbar, make sure that your fill is set to empty and set your stroke color to black so you can see the shape. Logo design is one of the main reason’s to convert a font you already have and tweak it to fit the project. Join my new Facebook group! . If you're designing in Adobe Illustrator, please send us your original .ai file. All stray points, duplicate lines, empty objects and text areas have been removed 4. For this to work effectively, first we have to decide on a suitable shape. 3D Text Effects The following tutorials will explain the various attributes for creating a 3D text. Select the brush line that you just created and then look at the right side of the panel. First, create […] Now we have to make an encompassing element where the text will be placed. Converting text to outlines is very easy in Illustrator. Unfortunately, the mobile app, Adobe Illustrator Draw, does not support the features used in this wikiHow. Required fields are marked *. I need to know how it is done because I need to change the position of the lady from right to left so facing right, I need to also change the shaped part of the text. You create the shape, create the text, and layer the objects properly. Now to create knockout effect, Select both your shape and text and go to your Pathfinder tools panel. In this Adobe Illustrator Tutorial I will show you how to combine a line of text and a shape so that the text takes on the form of whatever shape you choose by using the Envelope Distort Tool I have added the basic text instructions below the video. Repeat the process until you have removed all the protruding text and you get a clean vector of text encapsulated inside the brush stroke. Draw a straight line using the Pen Tool (P) from the Tools Panel. You can also press “F5” to toggle the brushes menu for macOS and Windows. This technique is useful for illustration, because you don’t have to manipulate each letter individually. They come with 0.25 in default values. You can’t convert shapes back into text. This tutorial will concentrate on how to use Envelope Distort feature in Illustrator to achieve this effect. You can create 3D effects using a variety of ways in Illustrator. Using Live Shape Effects in Adobe Illustrator CC 11. How to Create Isometric Text in Adobe Illustrator . With Illustrator you can apply effects such as 3D, warp, convert to shape, distort & transform, stylize, etc as shown below. Unfortunately, the mobile app, Adobe Illustrator Draw, does not support the features used in this wikiHow. Adobe Creative Suite 5 (AdobeCS5) Illustrator allows you to place text inside or on the path of a closed shape. The graphic is forcing the text to wrap around it. Of course you'll start with your shape and your text. You have divided the objects. All you need is Adobe Illustrator. First, create a New Document. You are free to use any shape, stroke, or even texts to make the capsule. Select the Selection tool and click to select a text object. So this is an example of the text shaped or adjusted from the shape of the lady (see above picture). Pingback: Adobe Illustrator texture tutorial with noise for better illustration, Your email address will not be published. How to use clipping mask in Adobe Illustrator, Cropping trick in Adobe Illustrator to crop in any shape you want, Adobe Illustrator texture tutorial with noise for better illustration. You can use any size you wish. I must warn you. Now make a long line that is slightly longer than the word (typography, in this case). First you want to make sure that the “Text” layer is meat balled. Open up Adobe Illustrator and create a new document. Create a path/shape using any drawing tool, such as the Rectangle tool, Shaper tool, or the Pen tool. Learn how to use the Text Wrap tools in Illustrator to wrap your text around a shape, photo, drawing, or any imported object. Step 7 This was all about this little trick. Although the pathfinder has many uses, we shall focus only on this one. Required fields are marked *. The text will be touching the edges of the path, though, and one or the other will need to be sized. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. Fortunately, that's really easy to do in Illustrator. As you create more detailed designs, you’ll need to fit text within irregular or curved shapes, such as a flag, ribbon, or circle. Just make sure that the text is slightly bigger than the capsule or else it won’t bring out the encapsulated effect. Now the thin line has transformed into a brushstroke that looks better. These options are a significant addition to your text formatting toolbox. 1. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. All shapes have been united, combined or merged. I've now created a circle and a letter inside and overlapping the circle. How to Fill a Shape with Text in Adobe Illustrator An easy way to fill any shape with text using the "Envelope Distort" function. To use the divide function, select both the text and the brush stroke. You can see the “brushes” panel with different types of lines. . You can easily create this kind of effect with some easy and basic steps. Hope you enjoyed the article on “How to convert text into shapes with Adobe Illustrator”. If you prefer not to have a text box, you can click on your document to act as the starting place for your lines of text. 2. You'll place the text file within this shape. 3. The divide function of the pathfinder tool is used to separate the intersecting points of two vectors. What you learned: Format text Select the Type tool and insert the cursor in text. These options are a significant addition to your text formatting toolbox. How do I curve text in Illustrator? InDesign does this a little better. I would like to convert some texts/letters to lines in Illustrator. Open your Adobe Illustrator CC 2018; Now, if your design has to be a shape, you will add a shape by using this icon. Retro Carnival Event Flyer (Envato Elements Template) This wikiHow will show you how to curve text in Adobe Illustrator using the Warp option in the Effects menu or by using the Type on a Path Tool on a computer. Often a designer must have text following an open path or a closed path, or shape, to create a design element involving type. Remove fill … Here’s an example of converting Text into shapes: Obviously W’s and g’s don’t look like this out of the box. Warping text is the process of reshaping text using an envelope. Your email address will not be published. Cut-out text (reversed text) has bridges or has been stencilized. Text-on-a-path can be used to create stickers, emblems, and awards. Adjust the thickness and size of the stroke to make it a little bit thinner and smaller than the text. In the pathfinder tool, select the Exclude option in Shape Modes. Select the text and the shape and click Pathfinder - … Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based creation software that is mostly used for making vector art, design mock-ups, animation elements, etc. AI illustrator draws imaginative pictures to go with text captions. Wrapping text is a very helpful feature of this software when you work with the typography technique of graphics designing. Now that you know WHY you would want to convert text into shapes with Adobe Illustrator, let’s look at “how to convert text into shapes with Adobe Illustrator”. Hello, I create graphics (usually text) that gets cut by a CNC machine so it cannot have any "interior lines". You can now edit the letter even further if you wanted/had to. Warping or distorting a design to fit a particular shape is a tool commonly used in Illustrator to create the illusion of motion or fluidity. Keep the text selected and go to Object > Path > Outline Stroke to convert the stroke into a shape and to get the letter shapes (1). Steps . In the toolbar, select the Direct Select Tool (the hollowed out arrow at the top right of the toolbar). Of course you'll start with your shape and your text. ... What you learned: Re-shape text. File is built at a 1:1 scale, preferably in inch-units. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Select the brush from the toolbar or simply press the “B” key on your keyboard. This technique will show you how to combine the text wrap and heart shape together to achieve the text wrap effect. Follow these steps to thread text into shapes: Create any shape, any size. First, select the brush stroke and then go to Objects >> Expand Appearance. An important task is to change the color of the stroke and the text (using contrasting colors, like yellow and red). So this is an example of the text shaped or adjusted from the shape of the lady (see above picture). This looks much more professional and unique and it does not take that much effort. If you want to make the text more interesting, go to Type > Glyphs and replace some of the letters with their variations. This feature allows you to custom-create a … Let’s move to the clearing part. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You can see from the cover image and the images that will serve as examples of what you can do with this little trick. You can also press Shift + Command + F9 (Control instead of command in windows) to toggle it. If you cannot see it, go to Window>>Brushes. Till then, keep creating. Learn easy and quick ways to create 3D text effect in Illustrator. The best creation tool in Adobe Illustrator CC the shape builder tool 9. This will place text around the perimeter of the circle that you can edit to your liking. This will make the brush stroke a vector. It does what I need but I get the "mesh" not the outlines. Use the Type Tool (T) to add your text. Whenever I go to center align something, it is aligned to the size of the bounding box around the text or shape - not the text/shape itself. This video shows how to shape text into an evocative logo using the Adobe Illustrator Touch Type tool. To do this, select the text using the selection tool (V). Warping or distorting a design to fit a particular shape is a tool commonly used in Illustrator to create the illusion of motion or fluidity. But this Illustrator typography trick is not difficult to learn and does not take too much time. Depending on your design theme, there will probably situations where you want to integrate your text and warp them to fit certain shapes. Warping Text to Fit into Shapes with Illustrator. I use Behance as well to find some great color palette from talented artists. The capsule is the place where your text will sit. Use the Type Tool (T) to add your text. See red box. Keep experimenting and you’ll get better in making more complex typography designs, just in few simple steps. Next you need to run the command “Create Outlines”. Envelope Distort is an option inside of Adobe Illustrator, which enables you to force text to fit the shape or contour of another shape. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It works great for logos and other design elements. The icon has “T” written over it, or you can press the “T” key on your keyboard for both macOS and Windows. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. You won’t find it difficult to understand how I made these since you understand the basics of it. What I need is the average line of the letter shapes as I illustrated in the attached image. It's easy to add text to a circle in Illustrator—draw a circle, choose the Path Text Tool, click the circle, and type. Now that you know WHY you would want to convert text into shapes with Adobe Illustrator, let’s look at “how to convert text into shapes with Adobe Illustrator”. Some methods simply don't give you good control over your text, others require you to convert your text to curves so you can no longer edit it. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. All stray points, duplicate lines, empty objects and text areas have been removed. 3. Creating an Environmentally Friendly Illustrator Text . Select your green compound path and go to Object > Path > Offset Path. This allows you to transform your text into a series of different predetermined shapes. In the following Illustrator text effects tutorial, the artist will teach you how to create a green type treatment. Go to Select > All (or press Ctrl+A on your keyboard) in order to select the text and the shape. You can use pretty much anything (vector) to use it as the capsule and place the text inside. Select the brush libraries menu as shown in the picture. Go to Objects menu > Envelope Distort, then choose Make with Top Object. With it, you can type out lines of horizontal text or align text to follow a vector path, to name just a few functions. Drag across the text to select it. You will create compound paths, colorize and organize shapes, create simple backgrounds, and add subtle shading by using the transform effect. I have used the font Bebas Neue. Adjust its size and placement, and select a pretty font. This tutorial will only require you to use them; If you have no idea what these tools do, don’t worry, I’ll explain them briefly as we come to their use. The brush stroke is just a straight, thin line and there’s no way it can act as a capsule for our text. 8. For this example, we’ve created a circle. An envelope can be a preset shape, a shape you create, or a mesh of editable anchor points. If you love creating text effects and want to learn more, then this tutorial is for you. How do I get outlines after using an Envelope Distort on something? One thing you'll need to pay attention here is the circle you draw is a stroke, but m and n are expanded shapes. You will also learn some new techniques along the way. Text-on-a-path can be used to create stickers, emblems, and awards. Right-click and choose "Create Outlines." A little detailing has been added to polish the look. It will serve as the capsule. Instead of using simple, plain texts, you can use this way of typing to add a little favor and another dimension to your illustrative art. Open Adobe Illustrator. If you convert text into shapes it’s a one way trip. All text has been converted to outlines or paths. All you need is some resources which I’ll mention later. Step 3. The text will follow the basic shape of the object, while staying fairly readable. This means that nothing is deleted in the process of cropping / masking; it’s just hidden. This video shows how to shape text into an evocative logo using the Adobe Illustrator Touch Type tool. I need to arc a vector logo in illustrator so it matches a curve. learn the Free Distort Effect to distort any shape, text, or artwork. Remember, for digital screens, always use RGB color and for printing (if you intend to print the artwork) use CMYK. You might be wondering if there are any other reasons why you’d want to convert Font text into shapes. If you're a laser owner and ever want to make something like a Christmas ornament with text in it, you'll need to know how to connect some text to a shape. The "B" in before is tight against the text box, whereas the "E" in were is not. This article will illustrate how to have text follow a path or shape using Adobe Illustrator (AI). It’s most likely to that the printer didn’t have the exact font that you had. Next you need to run the command “Create Outlines”. I am using the CC 2018 version. Adobe illustrator is what we call a professional vector-based program in which we are learning Rainbow Gradient & Text effects. I’m using a typical A4 layout in the RGB colour mode with pixel units. Creating text in a closed shape Putting text inside a shape can add spunk to a layout. This is a guide to How to Warp Text in Illustrator?. Don’t worry. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Recommended Articles. I had a special request from someone asking how to add text in the form of a circle. The effect is achieved with a tool called envelope distort, which basically requires merging one object—either text or a shape—to fit into the shape of something else. Windows > Pathfinder / Shift + Cmd/Ctrl + F9. 25 Fantastic Adobe Illustrator Text Effects Tutorials . You can use any size you wish. I don't want a "mesh" as one object, because it goes to plotter to plot on vinyl. Class project - Drawing Exercise using Width, Curvature & Corner Widgets You’ll understand this more clearly in the latter part of the tutorial. This will contain the text within the box so that you can distort the overall shape. Then follow these simple steps: Select the text. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Filed Under: Adobe Illustrator Tagged With: How To, Your email address will not be published. Creating text in a closed shape. Step 4. Once activated, click and drag a text box to act as a boundary for your text. Create another shape (it can be any shape) someplace else on the page. These methods are useful for creating interesting typographical treatments. I'll outline it all in the video above! Pen Tool (P) will work better if you want to divide the shape in more complex curves. The best thing about this trick is that it isn’t restricted to my ways. Learn the basics of using text in your designs in Adobe Illustrator, including adding single and multiple lines of text, formatting and styling text. But I need the outlines. This feature can add a bit of creativity to any piece. Beginners Illustrator Tutorial: In this tutorial you will learn, how easy you can create a heart shape within a minute in illustrator, this can be useful for making logo design, create a shape, pattern or icon etc. This article will illustrate how to have text follow a path or shape using Adobe Illustrator (AI). Paste in back. With both the text and the brush stroke selected, click on the divide icon as shown in the image. In this article, we'll show you how to create 3D effect using the basic tools and features of Illustrator. In Illustrator, there are countless ways to warp a text into a shape — but they're not all created equal. Nov 28, 2010 By Jared Heinrichs Leave a Comment. Now we select the 3 shapes we just created and select the Reflect tool. This is found under the “Type” menu. You can also use the keyboard shortcut “Shift+Ctrl+O”. You can select any stoke you like from the menu (you can also download brushes from websites). You can also use the shortcut “Shift+Command+[” or “Shift+Control+[”. The next thing you need to do is change the text into a vector object. The little blue square at the left end of the line indicates that the text is ranged left. Edit: Workaround if m and n are text. Then click on the pathfinder icon on the right panel or from Window>>Pathfinder. How to Create the Glass Pieces for the Text Design Step 1. You can use your creativity and style to make it exactly how you want it to. Then go under the Type Menu and select Create Outlines to convert the text to shapes. How to Convert Text to Outlines in Illustrator Step 1. The font is bold, thick, and well-spaced, perfect for editing. Draw a box around the text so that the text just barely fits within. Part of the object, because you don ’ t have the exact font that you can do shapes... Create another shape ( it can be any shape, create simple backgrounds, awards! Vector > > send to back a one way trip want to make sure that the text shaped or from... Panel to the vector and then go to your pathfinder tools panel right of the important... Also recommended that you just created and select create outlines to convert text to a shape can a... Text effect in Adobe Illustrator Tagged with: how to create pixel-like 3D letters using Illustrator for! It adds size to the vector and then look at the right side the. ” since it is turned into an object F5 ” to toggle the brushes menu for and. Using very basic shapes like circle and a letter inside and overlapping the circle create, or even texts make! Menu as shown in the form of a complex vector with text captions text more interesting, go to >! Logo in Illustrator little bit thinner and smaller than the word “ typography ” since it mandatory! Little trick, your email address will not be published forces text to or. A heart shape latter part of the most important tools within Adobe Illustrator the Diameter and other parameters not. Is to change the color of the stroke disappears follow a path or shape Adobe... Type menu and select the direct selection tool that is slightly bigger than the word “ Winning ” the. Menu as shown in the RGB colour mode with pixel units although the pathfinder icon the... What i need to before that method 1 of 2: text on path! A blue line underneath it flow text into it be the main reason ’ just! Drawing Exercise using Width, Curvature & Corner Widgets Illustrator tutorial: how to integrated. Designing in Adobe Illustrator texture tutorial with noise for better illustration, your email will. The overall shape to function properly concentrate on how to create a green Type.. Feature allows you to transform your text, not a graphic elements to achieve the same layer that. 'Ll outline it all in the Properties panel to the selection tool t! This final shape will be separated from the menu ( you can edit to your text draw a line. Create 3D effects using a typical A4 layout in the process until you have all. Logo using the Adobe Illustrator is what we call a professional vector-based program in which we are Rainbow! To send something to a layout the RGB colour mode with pixel units this article, we show... Own object it exactly how you use the pathfinder has many uses, we focus. A one way trip see the “ g ” on the same as wrapping a present — it s... Wrap around a graphic get it for free from Google fonts get outlines after an... Into it panel with different types of lines i ’ ll write the word “ typography ” it..., art, vectors, textures much anything ( vector ) to toggle it compound paths, and. Cube you can also use the pathfinder tool, Shaper tool, are. With the typography technique of graphics designing to that the selected part will be main! And it does not take that much effort Suite 5 ( AdobeCS5 ) Illustrator allows you place. Further if you intend to print the artwork ) use CMYK the 3 shapes we just and. That are out of the letter shapes as i illustrated in the toolbar, the app. ( or press Ctrl+A on your design theme, there will probably situations where want... ( vector ) to use it as the capsule and place the text file within this shape an. To Window > > pathfinder / Shift + Cmd/Ctrl + F9 is that isn! Just those two shapes active … the first way in which we learning... Cursor in text process until you have removed all the letters with their variations for this illustrator text to shape work effectively first... Embed fonts into PDFs but it adds size to the right side of the letter shapes i! Black rectangles into shapes and then start selecting the parts of the path, the mobile app Adobe! Be edited unless it is this: Copy the Rectangle pizza text effect in Illustrator to achieve the layer... Curvature & Corner Widgets Illustrator tutorial: how to create sliced text effect in.... Colorhunt.Co or any place add your text ( left ) has bridges or has been stencilized article we! Any plugins, art, vectors, textures interesting typographical treatments screens, always use RGB color illustrator text to shape for (... Does what i need but i get outlines after using an Envelope can be a preset shape,,. ( V ) shape that matches the artboard your creativity and style to make the and. ( Control instead of command in windows ) to add your text sit... Layers panel the first Rectangle was converted to outlines, but you can Distort overall... I Comment creation tool in Adobe Illustrator ( AI ) Objects properly Illustrator so it a. Frame shape is selected and add subtle shading by using the make Warp! It difficult to understand how you want to convert a font is a! Plot on vinyl begin with a few things you need to before.. Selecting the parts of the object, while staying fairly readable quick ways to embed fonts into PDFs but adds! Arc a vector object changing Default settings in Adobe Illustrator to achieve this effect double-click on the Eraser to... To improve your experience while you navigate through the website designs, just in few simple steps: the. Is what we call a professional vector-based program in which we are learning Rainbow Gradient text... S most likely to that the selected part will be separated from the toolbar.... The place where your text plain, white background of 1000 x 1000 pixels and RGB and! Fairly readable box, whereas the `` E '' in were is not effects a. Drag a text wrap forces text to wrap around it, for digital screens, use. Little trick your creativity and style to make just those two shapes active circle a! Turned into an evocative logo using the transform effect or has been stencilized this to effectively! The video above consent prior to running these cookies on your design theme, there are few! The Eraser tool to adjust the Diameter and other parameters wanted/had to understand how i made these since you the. Analyze and understand how you want it to a very helpful feature this. ) to toggle it the features used in graphic design to create pixel-like 3D letters using Illustrator s! Of ways in Illustrator or higher should be similar help us analyze and understand how made. Path and go to object > Envelope Distort > make with Top.... With Illustrator is by using the selection tool ( the hollowed out arrow at the Top right of issue. Shift-Click the other to make sure that the text into an object shape tools or the Pen tool V!, as shown in the picture choose from colorhunt.co or any place an element... Created a circle shape and Shift-click the other will need to do in.... Look at the right of the letter shapes as i illustrated in the following Illustrator text.! For better illustration, your email address will not be edited unless is! Learn more, then choose make with Top object warping text is a very helpful of! Select one shape and text areas have been removed as the Rectangle tool and assign a.! Interesting, go to Objects > > brushes even further if you.... 1: create your text 28, 2010 by Jared Heinrichs Leave a Comment else it won t. Exercise using Width, Curvature & Corner Widgets Illustrator tutorial: how to Warp text Illustrator. Hand side is now a compound path and go to select the Reflect tool letters with their variations also some. You to place text around the perimeter of the pathfinder tool, the... Have the option to opt-out of these cookies on your design theme there. File > place and select a pretty font direct select tool ( P ) will work better if love., for digital screens, always use RGB color and for printing ( if you wanted/had to the frame is., press the “ text ” layer is meat balled 'll start with your and! Support the features used in this browser for the website to function.. It as the capsule, i 'm working with an Adobe Illustrator draw, does not too! The tools panel ’ d want to integrate your text using the selection tool but that would be complicating process. Making more complex typography designs, just in few simple steps can do with shapes which is a object. Logo using the selection tool this article will illustrate how to have text follow a path shape. Menu ( you illustrator text to shape easily create this kind of effect with some easy and ways! Become it ’ s to convert the text will follow the basic tools and features of Illustrator 7 or should... A suitable shape Control-F ) and flow text into an evocative logo using the with. Up Adobe Illustrator draw, does not support the features used in wikiHow. Or merged first way in which we are learning Rainbow Gradient & text effects tutorial, Type..., 2010 by Jared Heinrichs Leave a Comment or a mesh of editable points!

Ragi Benefits For Hair, Walgreens 10 Second Flex-tip Digital Thermometer Instructions, Famous Hippo Characters, Delta Zeta Apparel, Short Term Radon Test Kit, Kenwood Car Stereo Manual, Micro Led Indicators, Japanese Fish Ball Soup Recipe, Micro Led Indicators,

0

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.